Molina-Gallardo Rogelio, Aurelien-Cabezas Nomely S, Tiburcio-Jimenez Daniel, Plata-Florenzano Jorge E, Guzman-Esquivel Jose, Rodriguez-Sanchez Iram P, Martinez-Fierro Margarita L, Molina-Osorio Roque, De-la-Madrid-Cernas Adrian A, Barriguete-Melendez Jorge Armando, Delgado-Enciso Ivan
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Colima, 28040, Mexico.
Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Delegación Colima, Villa de Álvarez, Colima, 28983, Mexico.
Int J Hypertens. 2024 Jun 21;2024:5598134. doi: 10.1155/2024/5598134. eCollection 2024.
Cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and dyslipidemia enfold heart disease morbimortality. Diagonal earlobe crease has been proposed as a prognostic marker of extension and severity of illness in patients with acute coronary syndrome. But its usefulness remains unclear in patients with or without coronary disease.
A case-control study was carried out on a total of 805 patients with and without cardiovascular risk factors or acute coronary syndrome. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were used to determine the probability of having diagonal earlobe crease with the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and acute coronary syndrome. Data were summarized as odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals and values.
An unadjusted (univariate) analysis showed that being male, being older than 55 years, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, smoking, and dyslipidemia, as well as having acute coronary syndrome, were associated with the presence of diagonal earlobe crease. The multivariate analysis showed that men (OR 1.6, 95% IC 1.1-2.4, =0.007), being over 55 years old (OR 4.8, 95% IC 3.2-7.2, < 0.001), being obese (OR 2.1, 95% IC 1.4-3.1, < 0.001), having arterial hypertension (1.5, 95% IC 1.1-2.3, =0.025), or suffering from acute coronary syndrome (OR 5.3, 95% IC 2.5-11.1, < 0.001), were independent factors associated with diagonal earlobe crease. The rest of cardiovascular risk factors were not relevant in the multivariate model.
In Mexican adults, having an acute coronary syndrome is not the only factor associated with diagonal earlobe crease but also being a man, older than 55 years, having high blood pressure and obesity. Diagonal earlobe crease may simply be caused by changes in the skin and connective tissues of the ears because of the aging process, obesity, and/or being male. These factors, by themselves, enfold cardiovascular risk due to well-known pathophysiological causes.
肥胖、2型糖尿病、高血压、吸烟和血脂异常等心血管危险因素会增加心脏病的发病率和死亡率。耳垂斜线纹已被提出作为急性冠状动脉综合征患者疾病扩展和严重程度的预后标志物。但其在有无冠心病患者中的实用性仍不明确。
对总共805例有或无心血管危险因素或急性冠状动脉综合征的患者进行了病例对照研究。采用单因素和多因素二元逻辑回归分析来确定存在心血管危险因素和急性冠状动脉综合征时出现耳垂斜线纹的概率。数据以比值比及95%置信区间和P值进行总结。
未经调整（单因素）分析显示，男性、年龄大于55岁、肥胖、2型糖尿病、动脉高血压、吸烟、血脂异常以及患有急性冠状动脉综合征与耳垂斜线纹的出现相关。多因素分析显示，男性（比值比1.6，95%置信区间1.1 - 2.4，P = 0.007）、年龄超过55岁（比值比4.8，95%置信区间3.2 - 7.2，P < 0.001）、肥胖（比值比2.1，95%置信区间1.4 - 3.1，P < 0.001）、患有动脉高血压（1.5，95%置信区间1.1 - 2.3，P = 0.025）或患有急性冠状动脉综合征（比值比5.3，95%置信区间2.5 - 11.1，P < 0.001）是与耳垂斜线纹相关的独立因素。其余心血管危险因素在多因素模型中不相关。
在墨西哥成年人中，患有急性冠状动脉综合征并非与耳垂斜线纹相关的唯一因素，男性、年龄大于55岁、高血压和肥胖也与之相关。耳垂斜线纹可能仅仅是由于衰老过程、肥胖和/或男性因素导致耳朵皮肤和结缔组织变化引起的。由于众所周知的病理生理原因，这些因素本身就包含心血管风险。
