Barkhordarian Maryam, Tran Hadrian Hoang-Vu, Menon Aiswarya, Pulipaka Sai Priyanka, Aguilar Izage Kianifar, Fuertes Axel, Dey Shraboni, Chacko Angel Ann, Sethi Tanni, Bangolo Ayrton, Weissman Simcha
Department of Internal Medicine, Palisades Medical Center, North Bergen, NJ 07047, United States.
World J Exp Med. 2024 Jun 20;14(2):91408. doi: 10.5493/wjem.v14.i2.91408.
Aortic aneurysm (AA) refers to the persistent dilatation of the aorta, exceeding three centimeters. Investigating the pathophysiology of this condition is important for its prevention and management, given its responsibility for more than 25000 deaths in the United States. AAs are classified based on their location or morphology. various pathophysiologic pathways including inflammation, the immune system and atherosclerosis have been implicated in its development. Inflammatory markers such as transforming growth factor β, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and many more may contribute to this phenomenon. Several genetic disorders such as Marfan syndrome, Ehler-Danlos syndrome and Loeys-Dietz syndrome have also been associated with this disease. Recent years has seen the investigation of novel management of AA, exploring the implication of different immune suppressors, the role of radiation in shrinkage and prevention, as well as minimally invasive and newly hypothesized surgical methods. In this narrative review, we aim to present the new contributing factors involved in pathophysiology of AA. We also highlighted the novel management methods that have demonstrated promising benefits in clinical outcomes of the AA.
主动脉瘤（AA）是指主动脉持续扩张，直径超过三厘米。鉴于其在美国每年导致超过25000人死亡，研究这种疾病的病理生理学对其预防和治疗至关重要。主动脉瘤根据其位置或形态进行分类。包括炎症、免疫系统和动脉粥样硬化在内的多种病理生理途径都与主动脉瘤的发展有关。诸如转化生长因子β、白细胞介素-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α、基质金属蛋白酶-2等多种炎症标志物可能导致这一现象。几种遗传疾病，如马凡综合征、埃勒斯-当洛综合征和洛伊ys-迪茨综合征也与这种疾病有关。近年来，人们对主动脉瘤的新型治疗方法进行了研究，探索了不同免疫抑制剂的作用、放射治疗在缩小和预防主动脉瘤方面的作用，以及微创和新提出的手术方法。在这篇叙述性综述中，我们旨在介绍主动脉瘤病理生理学中涉及的新的促成因素。我们还强调了在主动脉瘤临床结果中显示出有前景益处的新型治疗方法。
