Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Dev Sci. 2024 Nov;27(6):e13541. doi: 10.1111/desc.13541. Epub 2024 Jul 3.
In this study, we aimed to determine the role of parental praise and child affect in the neural processes underlying parent-child interactions, utilizing functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) hyperscanning. We characterized the dynamic changes in interpersonal neural synchrony (INS) between parents and children (4-6 years old, n = 40 dyads) during a cognitively challenging task. We then examined how changes in parent-child INS are influenced by parental feedback and child affect. Parent-child INS showed a quadratic change over time, indicating a decelerated decline during the interaction period. The relationship of parental praise, in the form of positive feedback, to change in INS was contingent upon the child's positive affect during the task. The highest levels of INS were observed when praise was present and child affect was positive. The left temporo-parietal regions of the child and the right dorsolateral prefrontal and right temporo-parietal regions of the parent demonstrated the strongest INS. The dynamic change in INS during the interaction was associated with children's independent performance on a standardized test of visuospatial processing. This research, leveraging fNIRS hyperscanning, elucidates the neural dynamics underlying the interaction between parent praise and child positive affect, thereby contributing to our broader understanding of parent-child dynamics. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: The level of interpersonal neural synchrony between parents and children dynamically varies during a cognitively challenging (tangram) task. The left temporo-parietal regions of the child and the right dorsolateral prefrontal and right temporo-parietal regions of the parent demonstrate the strongest parent-child neural synchrony. The relationship between parental praise (positive feedback) and parent-child neural synchrony is contingent upon child positive affect during the task. Change in parent-child neural synchrony relates to children's performance on an independent visuospatial processing measure.
在这项研究中，我们旨在利用功能近红外光谱（fNIRS）超扫描技术，确定父母赞扬和儿童情绪在亲子互动神经过程中的作用。我们描述了在认知挑战性任务期间父母和儿童（4-6 岁，n=40 对）之间人际神经同步（INS）的动态变化。然后，我们研究了父母反馈和儿童情绪如何影响亲子 INS 的变化。亲子 INS 随时间呈二次变化，表明在互动期间减速下降。父母表扬（以积极反馈的形式）与 INS 变化的关系取决于任务期间儿童的积极情绪。当存在表扬且儿童情绪积极时，观察到最强的 INS。儿童的左颞顶区域和父母的右背外侧前额叶和右颞顶区域表现出最强的 INS。互动期间 INS 的动态变化与儿童在标准化视觉空间处理测试中的独立表现相关。这项利用 fNIRS 超扫描的研究阐明了父母赞扬和儿童积极情绪之间相互作用的神经动力学，从而促进了我们对亲子动态的更广泛理解。研究亮点：在认知挑战性（拼图）任务期间，父母和儿童之间的人际神经同步水平动态变化。儿童的左颞顶区域和父母的右背外侧前额叶和右颞顶区域表现出最强的亲子神经同步。父母赞扬（积极反馈）与亲子神经同步之间的关系取决于任务期间儿童的积极情绪。亲子神经同步的变化与儿童在独立的视觉空间处理测量中的表现相关。
