Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Nutrition and Health Unit, Reus, Spain.
Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Nutrition and Health Unit, Reus, Spain; Departament de Nutrició, Ciències de l'Alimentació i Gastronomia, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2024 Jul;120(1):129-144. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.04.004. Epub 2024 May 23.
Personalized nutrition (PN) has been proposed as a strategy to increase the effectiveness of dietary recommendations and ultimately improve health status.
We aimed to assess whether including omics-based PN in an e-commerce tool improves dietary behavior and metabolic profile in general population.
A 21-wk parallel, single-blinded, randomized intervention involved 193 adults assigned to a control group following Mediterranean diet recommendations (n = 57, completers = 36), PN (n = 70, completers = 45), or personalized plan (PP, n = 68, completers = 53) integrating a behavioral change program with PN recommendations. The intervention used metabolomics, proteomics, and genetic data to assist participants in creating personalized shopping lists in a simulated e-commerce retailer portal. The primary outcome was the Mediterranean diet adherence screener (MEDAS) score; secondary outcomes included biometric and metabolic markers and dietary habits.
Volunteers were categorized with a scoring system based on biomarkers of lipid, carbohydrate metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and microbiota, and dietary recommendations delivered accordingly in the PN and PP groups. The intervention significantly increased MEDAS scores in all volunteers (control-3 points; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.2, 3.8; PN-2.7 points; 95% CI: 2.0, 3.3; and PP-2.8 points; 95% CI: 2.1, 3.4; q < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in dietary habits or health parameters between PN and control groups after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Nevertheless, personalized recommendations significantly (false discovery rate < 0.05) and selectively enhanced the scores calculated with biomarkers of carbohydrate metabolism (β: -0.37; 95% CI: -0.56, -0.18), oxidative stress (β: -0.37; 95% CI: -0.60, -0.15), microbiota (β: -0.38; 95% CI: -0.63, -0.15), and inflammation (β: -0.78; 95% CI: -1.24, -0.31) compared with control diet.
Integration of personalized strategies within an e-commerce-like tool did not enhance adherence to Mediterranean diet or improved health markers compared with general recommendations. The metabotyping approach showed promising results and more research is guaranteed to further promote its application in PN. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04641559 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04641559?cond=NCT04641559&rank=1).
个性化营养（PN）被提议作为一种增加饮食建议有效性并最终改善健康状况的策略。
我们旨在评估在电子商务工具中纳入基于组学的 PN 是否可以改善一般人群的饮食行为和代谢特征。
一项为期 21 周的平行、单盲、随机干预研究纳入了 193 名成年人，他们按照地中海饮食建议分为对照组（n = 57，完成者 = 36）、PN 组（n = 70，完成者 = 45）或个性化计划（PP，n = 68，完成者 = 53），其中包括整合行为改变计划和 PN 建议的个性化购物清单。该干预措施使用代谢组学、蛋白质组学和遗传数据来帮助参与者在模拟电子商务零售商门户中创建个性化购物清单。主要结局指标是地中海饮食依从性筛查器（MEDAS）评分；次要结局指标包括生物标志物和代谢标志物以及饮食习惯。
志愿者根据脂质、碳水化合物代谢、炎症、氧化应激和微生物组的生物标志物进行评分系统分类，并相应地在 PN 和 PP 组中提供饮食建议。干预措施显著提高了所有志愿者的 MEDAS 评分（对照组增加 3 分；95%置信区间 [CI]：2.2，3.8；PN 组增加 2.7 分；95%CI：2.0，3.3；PP 组增加 2.8 分；95%CI：2.1，3.4；q < 0.001）。在调整多次比较的因素后，PN 组与对照组之间的饮食习惯或健康参数没有显著差异。然而，个性化建议显著（错误发现率<0.05）且选择性地提高了基于碳水化合物代谢生物标志物（β：-0.37；95%CI：-0.56，-0.18）、氧化应激（β：-0.37；95%CI：-0.60，-0.15）、微生物组（β：-0.38；95%CI：-0.63，-0.15）和炎症（β：-0.78；95%CI：-1.24，-0.31）计算的评分。
与一般建议相比，在电子商务工具中纳入个性化策略并未提高对地中海饮食的依从性或改善健康指标。代谢组学方法显示出有希望的结果，更多的研究将进一步促进其在 PN 中的应用。这项试验在 clinicaltrials.gov 上注册为 NCT04641559（https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04641559?cond=NCT04641559&rank=1）。
