State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
Institute of Environmental Engineering (ISA), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany.
J Environ Sci (China). 2024 Dec;146:198-216. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.07.003. Epub 2023 Jul 10.
Many waterborne diseases are related with viruses, and COVID-19 worldwide has raised the concern of virus security in water into the public horizon. Compared to other conventional water treatment processes, membrane technology can achieve satisfactory virus removal with fewer chemicals, and prevent the outbreaks of viruses to a maximal extent. Researchers developed new modification methods to improve membrane performance. This review focused on the membrane modifications that enhance the performance in virus removal. The characteristics of viruses and their removal by membrane filtration were briefly generalized, and membrane modifications were systematically discussed through different virus removal mechanisms, including size exclusion, hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions, electronic interactions, and inactivation. Advanced functional materials for membrane modification were summarized based on their nature. Furthermore, it is suggested that membranes should be enhanced through different mechanisms mainly based on their ranks of pore size. The current review provided theoretical support regarding membrane modifications in the enhancement of virus removal and avenues for practical application.
许多水传播疾病都与病毒有关，全球范围内的 COVID-19 事件将公众对水中病毒安全的关注提到了新的高度。与其他传统的水处理工艺相比，膜技术可以用更少的化学物质达到令人满意的病毒去除效果，并最大程度地防止病毒的爆发。研究人员开发了新的改性方法来提高膜的性能。本综述重点介绍了增强膜去除性能的膜改性方法。简要概括了病毒的特性及其通过膜过滤去除的方法，并通过不同的病毒去除机制（包括尺寸排阻、亲水性和疏水性相互作用、电子相互作用和失活）系统地讨论了膜的改性。根据其性质总结了用于膜改性的先进功能材料。此外，建议主要基于孔径大小的等级，通过不同的机制来增强膜。本综述为提高病毒去除率的膜改性提供了理论支持，并为实际应用提供了途径。
