Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom.
Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Gait Posture. 2024 Sep;113:265-271. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.07.004. Epub 2024 Jul 3.
Chronic ankle instability (CAI) has been associated with lower limb deficits that can lead to altered biomechanics during dynamic tasks. There have been contradictory findings in terms of ankle and hip joint biomechanics to date, influenced by the variety of movement tasks and varying definitions of the CAI condition.
How do biomechanical variables of the lower extremity differ during walking, running, and jump-landing in individuals with CAI compared with those without CAI?
Thirty-two individuals (17 CAI and 15 controls) participated in this retrospective case-control study. Sagittal and frontal plane ankle and hip joint angles and moments, and mediolateral foot balance (MLFB) were calculated during the tasks. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was used for the whole trajectory analysis to detect group differences. Discrete variables, including initial contact (IC) and peak angles and moments, were additionally compared.
No differences were found between groups during walking. During running, the CAI group exhibited a lower plantar flexor moment (p < 0.001) and more laterally deviated MLFB (p = 0.014) during mid-stance when compared to controls. Additionally, participants with CAI had a significantly greater peak plantar flexion angle in early stance (p = 0.022) and a reduced peak plantar flexor moment (p = 0.002). In the jump-landing, the CAI group demonstrated an increased hip extensor moment (p = 0.008), and a greater peak hip adduction angle (p = 0.039) shortly after ground contact compared to the control group.
Differences in ankle and hip biomechanics were observed between groups during running and jump landing, but not during walking. These differences may be indicative of impairments in the sensorimotor system or of learnt strategies adopted to try to minimise instability and injury risk and can help to inform future intervention design.
慢性踝关节不稳定（CAI）与下肢缺陷有关，这些缺陷会导致动态任务中的生物力学改变。迄今为止，关于踝关节和髋关节生物力学的研究结果存在矛盾，这受到运动任务的多样性和 CAI 状况的不同定义的影响。
与无 CAI 的个体相比，CAI 个体在行走、跑步和跳跃着地时，下肢的生物力学变量有何不同？
本回顾性病例对照研究纳入了 32 名个体（17 名 CAI 和 15 名对照组）。在任务过程中计算了矢状面和额状面踝关节和髋关节角度和力矩，以及中侧足平衡（MLFB）。统计参数映射（SPM）用于整个轨迹分析以检测组间差异。另外比较了离散变量，包括初始接触（IC）和峰值角度和力矩。
在行走时，两组之间没有差异。在跑步时，与对照组相比，CAI 组在中步时表现出较低的跖屈肌力矩（p < 0.001）和更侧向偏离的 MLFB（p = 0.014）。此外，CAI 患者在早期站立时具有更大的峰值跖屈角度（p = 0.022）和较小的峰值跖屈力矩（p = 0.002）。在跳跃着地时，CAI 组在与对照组相比，在刚接触地面后不久表现出髋关节伸肌力矩增加（p = 0.008）和髋关节内收角度峰值增加（p = 0.039）。
在跑步和跳跃着地时，组间观察到踝关节和髋关节生物力学的差异，但在行走时没有差异。这些差异可能表明感觉运动系统受损，或者采用了学习策略来尽量减少不稳定性和受伤风险，这有助于为未来的干预设计提供信息。
