Walweel Nada, Aydin Omer
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey.
NanoThera Lab, ERFARMA-Drug Application and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey.
ACS Omega. 2024 Jun 18;9(26):27832-27852. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02234. eCollection 2024 Jul 2.
The complicated stepwise lysosomal degradation process known as autophagy is in charge of destroying and eliminating damaged organelles and defective cytoplasmic components. This mechanism promotes metabolic adaptability and nutrition recycling. Autophagy functions as a quality control mechanism in cells that support homeostasis and redox balance under normal circumstances. However, the role of autophagy in cancer is controversial because, mostly depending on the stage of the tumor, it may either suppress or support the disease. While autophagy delays the onset of tumors and slows the dissemination of cancer in the early stages of tumorigenesis, numerous studies demonstrate that autophagy promotes the development and spread of tumors as well as the evolution and development of resistance to several anticancer drugs in advanced cancer stages. In this Review, we primarily emphasize the therapeutic role of autophagy inhibition in improving the treatment of multiple cancers and give a broad overview of how its inhibition modulates cancer responses. There have been various attempts to inhibit autophagy, including the use of autophagy inhibitor drugs, gene silencing therapy (RNA interference), and nanoparticles. In this Review, all these topics are thoroughly covered and illustrated by recent studies and field investigations.
被称为自噬的复杂的逐步溶酶体降解过程负责破坏和清除受损的细胞器及有缺陷的细胞质成分。这一机制促进代谢适应性和营养物质循环利用。在正常情况下，自噬作为细胞中的一种质量控制机制，维持体内平衡和氧化还原平衡。然而，自噬在癌症中的作用存在争议，因为它主要取决于肿瘤的阶段，可能会抑制或促进疾病发展。在肿瘤发生的早期阶段，自噬延缓肿瘤的发生并减缓癌症的扩散，而众多研究表明，在晚期癌症阶段，自噬促进肿瘤的发展和扩散以及对多种抗癌药物耐药性的演变和发展。在本综述中，我们主要强调自噬抑制在改善多种癌症治疗方面的治疗作用，并广泛概述其抑制作用如何调节癌症反应。已经有各种抑制自噬的尝试，包括使用自噬抑制剂药物、基因沉默疗法（RNA干扰）和纳米颗粒。在本综述中，所有这些主题都通过近期研究和实地调查进行了全面阐述和说明。
