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埃塞俄比亚水域中的有机氯农药:对环境和人类健康的影响。

Organochlorine pesticides in Ethiopian waters: Implications for environmental and human health.

作者信息

Asefa Elsai Mati, Mergia Mekuria Teshome, Damtew Yohannes Tefera, Mengistu Dechasa Adare, Dugusa Faye Fekede, Tessema Roba Argaw, Enoe Jerry, Ober Józef, Teklu Berhan M, Woldemariam Ermias Deribe

机构信息

School of Environmental Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar 235, Ethiopia.

Department of Biology, College of Computational and Natural Science, Hawassa University, Hawassa 05, Ethiopia.

出版信息

Toxicol Rep. 2024 Jun 7;12:622-630. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.06.001. eCollection 2024 Jun.

Abstract

Despite the global ban on organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) since the 1970s, their use continues in many developing countries, including Ethiopia, primarily due to the lack of viable alternatives and weak regulations. Nonetheless, the extent of contamination and the resulting environmental and health consequences in these countries remain inadequately understood. To address these knowledge gaps, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of reported concentrations (n=398) of OCPs (n=30) in distinct yet interconnected water matrices: water, sediment, and biota in Ethiopia. Our analysis revealed a notable geographical bias, with higher concentrations found in sediments (0.074-1161.2 µg/kg), followed by biota (0.024-1003 µg/kg) and water (0.001-1.85 µg/L). Moreover, DDTs, endosulfan, and hexachlorohexenes (HCHs) were among the most frequently detected OCPs in higher concentrations in Ethiopian waters. The DDT metabolite -DDE was commonly observed across all three matrices, with concentrations in water birds reaching levels up to 57 and 143,286 times higher than those found in sediment and water, respectively. The findings showed a substantial potential for DDTs and endosulfan to accumulate and biomagnify in Ethiopian waters. Furthermore, it was revealed that the consumption of fish contaminated with DDTs posed both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks while drinking water did not pose significant risks in this regard. Importantly, the issue of OCPs in Ethiopia assumes even greater significance as their concentrations were found to be eight times higher than those of currently used pesticides (CUPs) in Ethiopian waters. Consequently, given the ongoing concerns about OCPs in Ethiopia, there is a need for ongoing monitoring, implementation of sustainable mitigation measures, and strengthening of OCP management systems in the country, as well as in other developing countries with similar settings and practices.

摘要

尽管自20世纪70年代以来全球已禁止使用有机氯农药(OCPs),但包括埃塞俄比亚在内的许多发展中国家仍在继续使用,主要原因是缺乏可行的替代方案以及监管不力。尽管如此,这些国家的污染程度以及由此产生的环境和健康后果仍未得到充分了解。为了填补这些知识空白,我们对埃塞俄比亚不同但相互关联的水介质(水、沉积物和生物群)中报告的30种OCPs的浓度(n = 398)进行了全面分析。我们的分析显示出明显的地理偏差,沉积物中的浓度较高(0.074 - 1161.2微克/千克),其次是生物群(0.024 - 1003微克/千克)和水(0.001 - 1.85微克/升)。此外,滴滴涕、硫丹和六氯环己烯(HCHs)是埃塞俄比亚水域中最常检测到的浓度较高的OCPs。滴滴涕代谢物 -DDE在所有三种介质中都普遍存在,水鸟体内的浓度分别比沉积物和水中的浓度高出57倍和143286倍。研究结果表明,滴滴涕和硫丹在埃塞俄比亚水域有大量积累和生物放大的潜力。此外,研究还发现,食用受滴滴涕污染的鱼类会带来非致癌和致癌风险,而饮用水在这方面不存在重大风险。重要的是,埃塞俄比亚的OCPs问题更为突出,因为在埃塞俄比亚水域中发现它们的浓度比目前使用的农药(CUPs)高出八倍。因此,鉴于埃塞俄比亚对OCPs的持续关注,该国以及其他具有类似情况和做法的发展中国家需要持续监测、实施可持续的缓解措施并加强OCP管理系统。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/59f2/11225013/e788458cdfc8/ga1.jpg

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