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先天性心脏病:类型、病理生理学、诊断及治疗选择。

Congenital heart disease: types, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment options.

作者信息

Meng Xiao, Song Ming, Zhang Kai, Lu Weida, Li Yunyi, Zhang Cheng, Zhang Yun

机构信息

Department of Cardiology State Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan China.

Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan China.

出版信息

MedComm (2020). 2024 Jul 5;5(7):e631. doi: 10.1002/mco2.631. eCollection 2024 Jul.

Abstract

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a structural abnormality of the heart and/or great vessels and patients with CHD are at an increased risks of various morbidities throughout their lives and reduced long-term survival. Eventually, CHD may result in various complications including heart failure, arrhythmias, stroke, pneumonia, and sudden death. Unfortunately, the exact etiology and pathophysiology of some CHD remain unclear. Although the quality of life and prognosis of patients with CHD have significantly improved following technological advancement, the influence of CHD is lifelong, especially in patients with complicated CHD. Thus, the management of CHD remains a challenge due to its high prevalence. Finally, there are some disagreements on CHD among international guidelines. In this review, we provide an update of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment in most common type of CHD, including patent foramen ovale, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, atrioventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, coarctation of the aorta, transposition of the great arteries, congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, coronary anomalies, left and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, tetralogy of Fallot and Ebstein anomaly. In particular, we focus on what is known and what is unknown in these areas, aiming to improve the current understanding of various types of CHD.

摘要

先天性心脏病(CHD)是心脏和/或大血管的结构异常,CHD患者一生中患各种疾病的风险增加,长期生存率降低。最终,CHD可能导致各种并发症,包括心力衰竭、心律失常、中风、肺炎和猝死。不幸的是,一些CHD的确切病因和病理生理学仍不清楚。尽管随着技术进步,CHD患者的生活质量和预后有了显著改善,但CHD的影响是终身的,尤其是在复杂CHD患者中。因此,由于其高患病率,CHD的管理仍然是一项挑战。最后,国际指南对CHD存在一些分歧。在本综述中,我们提供了最常见类型CHD的病理生理学、诊断和治疗的最新情况,包括卵圆孔未闭、房间隔缺损、室间隔缺损、房室间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭、主动脉缩窄、大动脉转位、先天性矫正型大动脉转位、冠状动脉异常、左右心室流出道梗阻、法洛四联症和埃布斯坦畸形。特别是,我们关注这些领域已知和未知的内容,旨在提高目前对各种类型CHD的认识。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/8c05/11224996/ef2a6f41a15e/MCO2-5-e631-g005.jpg

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