Churton Hannah, McCabe Bernadette K
Centre for a Waste Free World, Faculty of Business and Law, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
Fight Food Waste Cooperative Research Centre, Wine Innovation Central Building Level 1, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia.
Heliyon. 2024 Jun 9;10(12):e32735. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32735. eCollection 2024 Jun 30.
Food loss and waste (FLW) contains an abundance of nutrient components that can be extracted and converted into valuable bioproducts through biorefining (e.g., pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutrients). Australia has identified bioproducts from a FLW feedstock as one avenue through which it can meet its commitment to UN Sustainable Development Goal Target 12.3, aiming to halve food waste by 2030. An industry for bioproducts in Australia is, however, nascent and will require targeted and sustained policy intervention to advance in line with the production targets it has set to meet Target 12.3. The aim of this critical review is threefold. Firstly, it draws on the research literature to identify barriers to advancing a bioproduct industry from FLW. Secondly, it constructs a taxonomy of policies available to overcome these barriers and support industry development. Finally, it applies the taxonomy to established policy settings in Australia (examining both national settings and Queensland state settings) and the European Union (EU), where the industry and associated policy is more mature. Australia has few national policies directly targeting a bioproduct industry. A comparative assessment of policy settings allows this review to identify lessons Australia can draw from the EU experience as it advances its own industry. Findings demonstrate a complex and fragmented policy landscape. Key recommendations from the literature emphasise the need to establish coordinated strategic instruments; target research and development opportunities for optimised, sustainable processes; and implement appropriate incentives to establish a 'level playing field', as technology readiness increases. The critical requirement for policy stability and coherence, flags the need to lay groundwork policy in this area as a priority.
食品损失和浪费（FLW）含有大量营养成分，这些成分可以通过生物精炼（如制药、化妆品、营养物质）提取并转化为有价值的生物产品。澳大利亚已将源自食品损失和浪费原料的生物产品确定为实现其对联合国可持续发展目标12.3承诺的一条途径，该目标旨在到2030年将食品浪费减半。然而，澳大利亚的生物产品行业尚处于起步阶段，需要有针对性的持续政策干预，以按照其为实现目标12.3所设定的生产目标取得进展。这篇批判性综述的目的有三个。首先，它借鉴研究文献来确定推动食品损失和浪费生物产品行业发展的障碍。其次，它构建了一套可用于克服这些障碍并支持行业发展的政策分类法。最后，它将该分类法应用于澳大利亚（考察国家层面和昆士兰州层面）以及欧盟（EU）已有的政策环境，欧盟的该行业及相关政策更为成熟。澳大利亚几乎没有直接针对生物产品行业的国家政策。对政策环境的比较评估使本综述能够确定澳大利亚在推动本国行业发展时可以从欧盟经验中汲取的教训。研究结果表明政策环境复杂且分散。文献中的主要建议强调，随着技术成熟度提高，需要建立协调一致的战略工具；针对优化的可持续流程确定研发机会；实施适当激励措施以建立“公平竞争环境”。政策稳定性和连贯性的关键要求表明，必须优先为此领域奠定基础政策。
