Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalah-Al Ahmad Hwy, Tehran, 14117-1316, Iran.
Genetics Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Neurogenetics. 2024 Oct;25(4):377-391. doi: 10.1007/s10048-024-00768-6. Epub 2024 Jul 8.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition with considerable genetic heterogeneity. The disorder is clinically diagnosed based on DSM-5 criteria, featuring deficits in social communication and interaction, along with restricted and repetitive behaviours. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) on four individuals with ASD from two multiplex families (MPX), where more than one individual is affected, to identify potential single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and structural variants (SVs) in coding and non-coding regions. A rigorous bioinformatics pipeline was employed for variant detection, followed by segregation analysis. Our investigation revealed an unreported splicing variant in the DYRK1A gene (c.-77 + 2T > C; IVS1 + 2T > C; NM_001396.5), in heterozygote form in two affected children in one of the families (family B), which was absent in the healthy parents and siblings. This finding suggests the presence of gonadal mosaicism in one of the parents, representing the first documented instance of such inheritance for a variant in the DYRK1A gene associated with ASD. Furthermore, we identified a 50 bp deletion in intron 9 of the DLG2 gene in two affected patients from the same family, confirmed by PCR and Sanger sequencing. In Family A, we identified potential candidate variants associated with ASD shared by the two patients. These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic landscape of ASD, particularly in MPX families, and highlight the utility of WGS in uncovering novel genetic contributions to neurodevelopmental disorders.
自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种具有相当大遗传异质性的复杂神经发育疾病。该疾病基于 DSM-5 标准进行临床诊断,其特征是社交沟通和互动方面的缺陷,以及受限和重复的行为。在这里,我们对来自两个多基因家族(MPX)的四个 ASD 个体进行了全基因组测序(WGS),这些家族中不止一个个体受到影响,以鉴定编码和非编码区域中的潜在单核苷酸变体(SNVs)和结构变体(SVs)。我们采用了严格的生物信息学管道进行变体检测,然后进行分离分析。我们的研究揭示了 DYRK1A 基因中的一个未报道的剪接变体(c.-77 + 2T > C;IVS1 + 2T > C;NM_001396.5),在一个家族(家族 B)中的两个受影响的孩子中以杂合形式存在,而在健康的父母和兄弟姐妹中不存在。这一发现表明,其中一个父母存在性腺嵌合体,这是与 ASD 相关的 DYRK1A 基因变体遗传的首例记录。此外,我们在来自同一个家族的两个受影响的患者中鉴定出 DLG2 基因第 9 内含子中的 50bp 缺失,通过 PCR 和 Sanger 测序进行了验证。在家族 A 中,我们鉴定出了两个患者共享的与 ASD 相关的潜在候选变体。这些发现增进了我们对 ASD 遗传图谱的理解,特别是在 MPX 家族中,并强调了 WGS 在揭示神经发育障碍的新遗传贡献方面的作用。
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