Mask-Guided Vision Transformer for Few-Shot Learning.

Learning with little data is challenging but often inevitable in various application scenarios where the labeled data are limited and costly. Recently, few-shot learning (FSL) gained increasing attention because of its generalizability of prior knowledge to new tasks that contain only a few samples. However, for data-intensive models such as vision transformer (ViT), current fine-tuning-based FSL approaches are inefficient in knowledge generalization and, thus, degenerate the downstream task performances. In this article, we propose a novel mask-guided ViT (MG-ViT) to achieve an effective and efficient FSL on the ViT model. The key idea is to apply a mask on image patches to screen out the task-irrelevant ones and to guide the ViT focusing on task-relevant and discriminative patches during FSL. Particularly, MG-ViT only introduces an additional mask operation and a residual connection, enabling the inheritance of parameters from pretrained ViT without any other cost. To optimally select representative few-shot samples, we also include an active learning-based sample selection method to further improve the generalizability of MG-ViT-based FSL. We evaluate the proposed MG-ViT on classification, object detection, and segmentation tasks using gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) to generate masks. The experimental results show that the MG-ViT model significantly improves the performance and efficiency compared with general fine-tuning-based ViT and ResNet models, providing novel insights and a concrete approach toward generalizing data-intensive and large-scale deep learning models for FSL.