Contreras Navarro Ana, Gallagher Kerrie, Griffin Sally, Leydon Clarissa L, Perry Ivan J, Harrington Janas M
Centre for Health and Diet Research, School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
Nutr Rev. 2025 Mar 1;83(3):e1090-e1100. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae088.
International evidence shows that individuals from low socioeconomic positions (SEPs) consume a greater amount of salt than those from higher SEPs. This health inequality reflects a disproportionate effect of salt-reduction initiatives, and explains a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease among the most vulnerable populations. Assessing this impact can help tailor implementation strategies in the future for the benefit of the whole population.
The aim was to systematically review the literature and assess the impact of salt-reduction initiatives on health and behavioral outcomes of adults by SEP.
The search strategy was conducted in 6 databases (CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science) using the terms sodium or salt, social class, policy, intervention or campaign. Peer-reviewed articles assessing salt-reduction interventions in adults reporting dietary or behavioral changes on salt consumption measurements by SEP were considered for inclusion. Articles in which salt intake data were not reported by SEP were excluded.
Two reviewers collected data independently using a predesigned electronic form. The AXIS and RoB 2 tools were used for critical appraisal.
Eight studies containing data from 111 548 adults were interpreted according to study design following a narrative synthesis approach.
Salt-reduction initiatives are effective at reducing the intake of salt and sodium in adults. When reporting the impact of these initiatives, research outcomes are generally not evaluated by SEP, representing a question yet to be explored.
A small number of articles that focused on the impact of salt-reduction interventions reported salt consumption measurements by SEP, indicating a critical gap in research. The limited evidence suggests potentially greater health benefits to be gained from the implementation of population-wide initiatives in adults of low SEP.
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021238055.
国际证据表明，社会经济地位较低的人群比社会经济地位较高的人群摄入更多的盐。这种健康不平等反映了减盐举措产生的不成比例的影响，并解释了最脆弱人群中心血管疾病患病率较高的原因。评估这种影响有助于为未来制定实施策略，以造福全体人群。
旨在系统回顾文献，并评估按社会经济地位划分的减盐举措对成年人健康和行为结果的影响。
检索策略在6个数据库（CINAHL、Scopus、Embase、MEDLINE、PubMed和Web of Science）中进行，使用的检索词为钠或盐、社会阶层、政策、干预或运动。纳入了评估成年人减盐干预措施且按社会经济地位报告饮食或行为变化对盐摄入量测量影响的同行评审文章。未按社会经济地位报告盐摄入量数据的文章被排除。
两名评审员使用预先设计的电子表格独立收集数据。AXIS和RoB 2工具用于关键评估。
根据研究设计，采用叙述性综合方法对八项包含111548名成年人数据的研究进行了解释。
减盐举措在降低成年人盐和钠的摄入量方面是有效的。在报告这些举措的影响时，研究结果通常未按社会经济地位进行评估，这是一个有待探索的问题。
少数关注减盐干预措施影响的文章按社会经济地位报告了盐摄入量测量结果，这表明研究中存在关键差距。有限的证据表明，在社会经济地位较低的成年人中实施全人群举措可能会带来更大的健康益处。
PROSPERO注册号CRD42021238055。
