Professor, Principal-Director and Senior Consultant, Department of Neurology, BLK-Max Super Speciality Hospital, Delhi, India, Corresponding Author.
Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, Janakpuri Super Speciality Hospital, Delhi, India.
J Assoc Physicians India. 2024 Jul;72(7):75-78. doi: 10.59556/japi.72.0588.
Autoimmune encephalitis is a condition marked by inflammation in the brain due to an immune system response targeting self-antigens within the central nervous system (CNS). This class of disorders is at least as prevalent as infectious causes of encephalitis and encompasses a wide range of conditions. The field has rapidly expanded thanks to the identification of various pathogenic autoantibodies responsible for varied neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. These disorders often present with distinct cognitive, seizure, and movement disorder phenotypes, making them clinically identifiable. Swift identification and treatment are pivotal for improving patient outcomes and promptly diagnosing associated tumors. This article zeroes in on autoantibody-mediated encephalitis syndromes involving neuronal cell-surface antigens. It sheds light on practical aspects of diagnosis and treatment, drawing from clinical experiences in managing such cases. Additionally, it underscores the ongoing importance of neuroimmunological advances that will shape the future diagnosis and treatment of these conditions.
自身免疫性脑炎是一种由于免疫系统针对中枢神经系统（CNS）内的自身抗原而发生炎症的疾病。这类疾病的发病率至少与感染性脑炎相当，包括多种疾病。由于发现了各种导致不同神经和神经精神疾病的致病性自身抗体，该领域迅速发展。这些疾病通常表现出明显的认知、癫痫和运动障碍表型，使其具有临床可识别性。快速识别和治疗对于改善患者预后和及时诊断相关肿瘤至关重要。本文重点介绍涉及神经元细胞表面抗原的自身抗体介导的脑炎综合征。它从管理此类病例的临床经验中汲取了诊断和治疗的实际方面。此外，它还强调了神经免疫学进展的持续重要性，这些进展将塑造这些疾病未来的诊断和治疗。
