Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Londrina, PR, Brazil.
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2024 Sep-Oct;90(5):101461. doi: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2024.101461. Epub 2024 Jun 28.
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with olfactory dysfunction in individuals exposed to Isotretinoin (ISO) for the treatment of acne, using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT®).
This cross-sectional study enrolled age and sex-matched patients with acne who were current users of oral ISO and unexposed controls without olfactory complaints. UPSIT® and a validated questionnaire (Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation) were administered to evaluate nasal obstruction in patients exposed to ISO.
A total of seventy patients were recruited, with 35 in the exposed group and 35 in the unexposed group, consisting of 18 males and 17 females in each group, aged from 17 to 47 years. The prevalence of olfactory dysfunction was higher in the exposed group compared to the non-exposed group (62.9% vs. 17.1%), yielding a Prevalence Ratio (PR) of 3.7 (95% CI 1.9-7.1). However, no participants were categorized as anosmia or severe hyposmia and the majority of dysfunction was mild hyposmia compared to moderate hyposmia (51.5% vs. 11.4%). Among the exposed individuals, gasoline, orange, coffee, and wood exhibited the highest rates of identification errors (≥54%). Olfactory function demonstrated a negative correlation with treatment duration (p = 0.01), cumulative dose (p = 0.02), and nasal obstruction (p = 0.02).
Olfactory dysfunction was more prevalent among ISO users, despite the patients being unaware of the disorder. Olfactory changes were correlated with treatment duration, cumulative dose, and nasal obstruction.
Level 4.
本研究旨在使用宾夕法尼亚大学嗅觉识别测试（UPSIT®）调查接受异维 A 酸（ISO）治疗痤疮的个体中嗅觉功能障碍的流行率和相关因素。
这项横断面研究纳入了正在使用口服 ISO 且无嗅觉投诉的年龄和性别匹配的痤疮患者和未暴露对照者。对 ISO 暴露患者使用 UPSIT®和经过验证的问卷（鼻腔阻塞症状评估）进行评估。
共招募了 70 名患者，其中 35 名暴露组，35 名未暴露组，每组各有 18 名男性和 17 名女性，年龄在 17 至 47 岁之间。暴露组的嗅觉功能障碍发生率高于未暴露组（62.9%比 17.1%），患病率比（PR）为 3.7（95%CI 1.9-7.1）。然而，没有患者被归类为嗅觉丧失或严重嗅觉减退，大多数功能障碍为轻度嗅觉减退，而不是中度嗅觉减退（51.5%比 11.4%）。在暴露个体中，汽油、橙子、咖啡和木材的识别错误率最高（≥54%）。嗅觉功能与治疗持续时间（p=0.01）、累积剂量（p=0.02）和鼻腔阻塞（p=0.02）呈负相关。
尽管患者不知道这种疾病，但 ISO 使用者中嗅觉功能障碍更为常见。嗅觉变化与治疗持续时间、累积剂量和鼻腔阻塞有关。
4 级。
