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可卡因的正性强化作用与异性社交接触：生物性别和发情期的作用

The positive reinforcing effects of cocaine and opposite-sex social contact: roles of biological sex and estrus.

作者信息

Smith Mark A, Armas Samantha P, Camp Jacob D, Carlson Hannah N

机构信息

Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Davidson College, 209 Ridge Road, PO Box 5000, Davidson, NC, 28035, USA.

出版信息

Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2025 Jan;242(1):71-83. doi: 10.1007/s00213-024-06648-z. Epub 2024 Jul 12.

DOI:10.1007/s00213-024-06648-z
PMID:38992255
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11742770/
Abstract

RATIONALE

Preclinical studies report that drug use and social contact mutually influence the reinforcing effects of one another. Most of these studies have used same-sex dyads exclusively, and the role of factors related to biological sex and hormonal fluctuations are not well understood.

OBJECTIVES

The purpose of this study was to examine the reinforcing effects of cocaine and social contact with an opposite-sex partner in male and female rats, and how these effects are modulated by ovarian hormones.

METHODS

Male and female rats were trained in a nonexclusive choice procedure in which cocaine and social contact with an opposite-sex partner were simultaneously available on concurrent progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement. To examine the effects of ovarian hormones related to estrous cycling, Experiment 1 used naturally cycling, gonadally intact females, whereas Experiment 2 used ovariectomized females, and estrus was artificially induced with exogenous hormones.

RESULTS

In both experiments, cocaine and social contact functioned as robust reinforcers, and there were no significant effects of biological sex or estrus status of the females. The positive reinforcing effects of both cocaine and social contact increased as a function of cocaine dose, indicating that contingent cocaine administration increases the reinforcing effects of social contact.

CONCLUSIONS

These data suggest that cocaine use among opposite-sex partners may enhance factors that contribute to social bonding.

摘要

理论依据

临床前研究报告称，药物使用和社交接触会相互影响彼此的强化作用。这些研究大多仅使用同性二元组，与生物性别和激素波动相关的因素的作用尚未得到充分了解。

目的

本研究的目的是研究可卡因以及与异性伴侣的社交接触对雄性和雌性大鼠的强化作用，以及这些作用如何受到卵巢激素的调节。

方法

雄性和雌性大鼠在一种非排他性选择程序中接受训练，在这种程序中，可卡因和与异性伴侣的社交接触可在并发的累进比率强化时间表上同时获得。为了研究与发情周期相关的卵巢激素的作用，实验1使用自然发情、性腺完整的雌性大鼠，而实验2使用卵巢切除的雌性大鼠，并用外源激素人工诱导发情。

结果

在两个实验中，可卡因和社交接触都起到了强大的强化物作用，并且雌性大鼠的生物性别或发情状态没有显著影响。可卡因和社交接触的积极强化作用都随着可卡因剂量的增加而增强，这表明依条件给予可卡因会增加社交接触的强化作用。

结论

这些数据表明，异性伴侣之间使用可卡因可能会增强有助于社会联结的因素。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d338/11742770/6e74f0fa645b/213_2024_6648_Fig7_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d338/11742770/f5893c98739a/213_2024_6648_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d338/11742770/ab9c800b88b8/213_2024_6648_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d338/11742770/07d6e67126c3/213_2024_6648_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d338/11742770/6c6448f3ceeb/213_2024_6648_Fig4_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d338/11742770/e2c33519a770/213_2024_6648_Fig5_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d338/11742770/b24aa2778353/213_2024_6648_Fig6_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d338/11742770/6e74f0fa645b/213_2024_6648_Fig7_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d338/11742770/f5893c98739a/213_2024_6648_Fig1_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d338/11742770/ab9c800b88b8/213_2024_6648_Fig2_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d338/11742770/07d6e67126c3/213_2024_6648_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d338/11742770/6c6448f3ceeb/213_2024_6648_Fig4_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d338/11742770/e2c33519a770/213_2024_6648_Fig5_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d338/11742770/b24aa2778353/213_2024_6648_Fig6_HTML.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/d338/11742770/6e74f0fa645b/213_2024_6648_Fig7_HTML.jpg

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Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2024 Jun;32(3):255-262. doi: 10.1037/pha0000679. Epub 2023 Sep 14.
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Role of nucleus accumbens dopamine 2 receptors in motivating cocaine use in male and female rats prior to and following the development of an addiction-like phenotype.
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Demand and cross-price elasticity of cocaine and social contact in a free-operant procedure of nonexclusive choice.非排他性选择自由操作程序中的可卡因需求和交叉价格弹性与社会接触。
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