Student research committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Hygiene and Food Safety, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
Complement Ther Med. 2024 Sep;84:103066. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2024.103066. Epub 2024 Jul 9.
Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) supplementation has shown promise as an anti-obesity agent in various clinical trials, although results have been inconsistent. To provide a more accurate assessment of the impact of flaxseed supplementation on anthropometric indices, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed.
We searched several international databases until August 2023, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) were analyzed using a random-effects model.
Sixty-four trials comprising 72 treatment arms were included. All studies reported the intervention types (Lignans, Whole flaxseed, and Flaxseed oil) and dosage. However, three studies did testing for purity, and 40 studies reported potency. Also, the risk of contamination with heavy metals was not mentioned in studies. Another limitation was the lack of blind evaluation in the studies. According to three trials included in the systematic review, flaxseed did not affect anthropometric indices. Our meta-analysis revealed significant reductions in body weight (WMD = -0.63 kg; 95 % CI: -1.00, -0.27, P < 0.001; I = 76.7 %, P < 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (WMD: -0.24 kg/m2, 95 % CI: -0.36, -0.11, P < 0.001; I = 78.5 %, P < 0.001) and waist circumference (WC) (WMD: -1.43 cm, 95 % CI: -2.06, -0.80, P < 0.001; I = 81.1 %, P < 0.001) following flaxseed supplementation. Subgroup analyses indicated that interventions lasting 10-20 weeks, and studies involving subjects with higher BMI (>30 kg/m) showed more significant anti-obesity effects. Based on the GRADE evaluation, body weight, BMI, and WC results were considered as moderate-certainty evidence.
Our systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that supplementation with flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) leads to meaningful improvements in body weight, BMI, and WC. Therefore, flaxseed can be considered as an adjunctive therapeutic approach in improving obesity.
亚麻籽（Linum usitatissimum）补充剂已在多项临床试验中显示出作为抗肥胖剂的潜力，尽管结果不一致。为了更准确地评估亚麻籽补充对人体测量指标的影响，进行了系统评价和荟萃分析。
我们搜索了多个国际数据库，截至 2023 年 8 月，包括 Scopus、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase 和 Cochrane Library。使用随机效应模型分析加权均数差（WMD）。
共有 64 项试验包含 72 个治疗臂，均报告了干预类型（木脂素、整粒亚麻籽和亚麻籽油）和剂量。然而，三项研究未对纯度进行测试，40 项研究报告了效价。此外，研究中未提及重金属污染的风险。另一个限制是研究中缺乏盲法评估。根据纳入系统评价的三项试验，亚麻籽并未影响人体测量指标。我们的荟萃分析显示，体重（WMD=-0.63kg；95%CI：-1.00，-0.27，P<0.001；I=76.7%，P<0.001）、体重指数（BMI）（WMD：-0.24kg/m2，95%CI：-0.36，-0.11，P<0.001；I=78.5%，P<0.001）和腰围（WC）（WMD：-1.43cm，95%CI：-2.06，-0.80，P<0.001；I=81.1%，P<0.001）均有显著降低。亚组分析表明，干预持续 10-20 周，且纳入 BMI 较高（>30kg/m2）的受试者的研究显示出更显著的抗肥胖效果。基于 GRADE 评估，体重、BMI 和 WC 结果被认为是中等确定性证据。
我们的系统评价和荟萃分析表明，亚麻籽（Linum usitatissimum）补充剂可显著改善体重、BMI 和 WC。因此，亚麻籽可以被视为改善肥胖的辅助治疗方法。
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