Department of Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Department of Economics, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
Front Public Health. 2024 Jun 26;12:1415770. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1415770. eCollection 2024.
Hidden workers are defined as the three vulnerable subgroups of workers: the underemployed, the unemployed, and the discouraged workers. Hidden workers indeed the group with multiple identities; a transitioning retiree, jobseeker, caring for some, who may also have long term health conditions and ethnic minority all at the same time. Designing an intervention for this group necessitates the transdisciplinary knowledge. Transdisciplinary knowledge is crucial because it can inform how the intersectoral challenges might be addressed in interventions, and how the intersectoral implementation design and evaluation on hidden workers might be designed. This paper maps the intellectual landscape of the hidden workers in aging population literature to identify key disciplinary research clusters; and to find out how those research clusters are investigating hidden workers. With the meta-narrative review methodology on studies retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection, five research clusters were identified: (1) public health approaches to hidden workers, (2) welfare state and aging workforce, (3) older jobseekers, (4) life course perspective, (5) retirement transitions. Each research cluster focuses on different aspects of hidden workers, with varying research questions and rationales. These include conceptualising the determinants of the hidden workers in aging populations and the complex interrelation with public health. Furthermore, we suggest an analytical framework to allow for better understanding between the research traditions based on (1) the chosen socioecological level of analysis, (2) whether the research question is on the determinant for hidden workers or on the outcome of being hidden and (3) the chronosystem (early/middle/later life) timeframe of research question that is addressed. Through this study, we can identify the main issues faced by hidden workers among the older adults and the measures to address these issues as well as opening up a possibility for cross-sectoral policy responses.
隐性劳动者是指就业不足者、失业者和灰心丧气的劳动者这三个弱势群体。隐性劳动者实际上是一群具有多重身份的人：过渡退休人员、求职者、照顾者，他们可能同时也患有长期健康问题和少数族裔。为这个群体设计干预措施需要跨学科知识。跨学科知识至关重要，因为它可以告知如何在干预措施中解决跨部门的挑战，以及如何设计针对隐性劳动者的跨部门实施设计和评估。本文通过对老龄化人口文献中隐性劳动者的知识图谱进行绘制，以确定关键的学科研究集群；并找出这些研究集群是如何研究隐性劳动者的。本文采用元叙事综述方法对从 Web of Science 核心合集检索到的研究进行分析，确定了五个研究集群：（1）公共卫生方法对隐性劳动者的研究；（2）福利国家与老龄化劳动力；（3）老年求职者；（4）生命历程视角；（5）退休过渡。每个研究集群都关注隐性劳动者的不同方面，提出了不同的研究问题和理论基础。这些问题包括老龄化人口中隐性劳动者的决定因素及其与公共卫生的复杂关系。此外，我们提出了一个分析框架，以允许更好地理解基于（1）所选社会生态分析水平，（2）研究问题是关于隐性劳动者的决定因素还是隐性劳动者的结果，以及（3）所解决的研究问题的chronosystem（早期/中期/后期生活）时间框架，不同研究传统之间的关系。通过这项研究，我们可以确定老年人中隐性劳动者面临的主要问题以及解决这些问题的措施，并为跨部门政策反应开辟可能性。
