Model of Care and New Technologies, IRCCS INRCA-National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani, Ancona, Italy.
Centre for Socio-Economic Research on Aging, IRCCS INRCA-National Institute of Health and Science on Aging, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Ricovero e Cura per Anziani, Ancona, Italy.
J Med Internet Res. 2020 Sep 24;22(9):e17809. doi: 10.2196/17809.
The rapid increase of the aging population is pushing many national governments to reshape retirement legislation in order to extend older adults' working life. Once retired, older adults can be invaluable resources for the community as family carers, as volunteers, or by returning to work. Healthy aging is one of the main conditions for being able to work longer and being active after retirement. The latter, indeed, represents a very sensitive life transition, which can entail psychological and social difficulties. Interventions for promoting older workers' health and well-being and supporting the transition to retirement are on the top of the policy agenda of most European countries. Recently, computer-based and digital health interventions have been seen as promising means to reach this purpose.
This systematic literature review aimed to explore studies on digital health coaching programs for older workers that followed a user-centered design approach and evaluated their effectiveness in providing older adults with guidance for adopting a healthy lifestyle and being active in the community.
The search identified 1931 papers, and 2 relevant articles were selected by applying specific eligibility criteria.
To our knowledge, only few digital health coaching programs have targeted the population of older workers to date; there is an insufficient number of studies on the efficacy of such programs. The results show the difficulties of assessing the efficacy of digital coaching itself and with respect to older employees. The 2 studies suggest that digital health programs for workplaces can improve various aspects of older employees' well-being; however, they considered health mainly from a physical perspective and neglected contextual, social, psychological, and cultural factors that can influence older workers' health and general well-being. Future digital health coaching programs should adopt the healthy aging paradigm as a multidimensional lens for interpreting the impact of eHealth technology on aging and retirement. The literature around this issue remains at an embryonic state, and this gap needs to be filled by further investigations that apply a user-centered approach for designing the technology, test innovative research methodologies, and adopt new technical solutions for high-quality interaction design.
Further digital health coaching programs aimed at supporting healthy and active living for older workers and retirees are necessary. The user-centered design approach is recommended in order to fully address the users' health needs and the technological requirements throughout development. Moreover, the healthy aging perspective allows inclusion of physical, social, and psychological factors influencing the transition from work to retirement, as well as the experiences and interactions of individuals with the technology.
人口老龄化的迅速增加正在促使许多国家政府调整退休立法，以延长老年人的工作寿命。一旦退休，老年人可以成为社区中非常宝贵的资源，例如家庭照顾者、志愿者，或者重新工作。健康老龄化是能够更长时间工作和在退休后保持活跃的主要条件之一。后者确实是一个非常敏感的生活过渡，可能会带来心理和社会困难。促进老年工人健康和福祉并支持向退休过渡的干预措施是大多数欧洲国家政策议程的重中之重。最近，基于计算机的数字健康干预措施已被视为实现这一目标的有希望的手段。
本系统文献综述旨在探讨针对老年工人的基于用户为中心的设计方法的数字健康辅导计划的研究，这些研究评估了为老年人提供指导以采用健康生活方式并在社区中保持活跃的有效性。
该搜索确定了 1931 篇论文，并通过应用特定的资格标准选择了 2 篇相关文章。
据我们所知，迄今为止，只有少数数字健康辅导计划针对老年工人人口；关于此类计划的功效的研究数量不足。结果表明，评估数字辅导本身和针对老年员工的功效存在困难。这两项研究表明，工作场所的数字健康计划可以改善老年员工福祉的各个方面；但是，他们主要从身体角度考虑健康，而忽略了可能影响老年工人健康和整体福祉的背景、社会、心理和文化因素。未来的数字健康辅导计划应采用健康老龄化范式作为解释电子健康技术对衰老和退休影响的多维视角。围绕这个问题的文献仍然处于萌芽状态，需要进一步的研究来填补这一空白，这些研究应采用以用户为中心的方法来设计技术，测试创新的研究方法，并采用新技术解决方案来进行高质量的交互设计。
需要进一步的数字健康辅导计划来支持老年工人和退休人员的健康和积极生活。建议采用以用户为中心的设计方法，以在整个开发过程中充分满足用户的健康需求和技术要求。此外，健康老龄化视角允许纳入影响从工作过渡到退休的身体、社会和心理因素，以及个人与技术的体验和交互。
