流感疫苗接种与 SARS-CoV-2 感染的关联。

Association Between Influenza Vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

机构信息

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.

The George Washington University Biostatistics Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.

出版信息

Am J Reprod Immunol. 2024 Jul;92(1):e13896. doi: 10.1111/aji.13896.

DOI:10.1111/aji.13896

PMID:38994889

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11362965/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Recent data in nonpregnant individuals suggest a protective effect of influenza vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection and its severity.

OBJECTIVES

Our primary objective was to evaluate whether influenza vaccination was associated with COVID-19 severity and pregnancy and neonatal outcomes among those infected with SARS-CoV-2. The secondary objective was to examine the association between influenza vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection.

STUDY DESIGN

Secondary analysis of a multicenter retrospective cohort of pregnant people who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between March and August 2020, and a cohort of random deliveries during the same time period. The associations between 2019 influenza vaccination and the primary outcome of moderate-to-critical COVID-19 as well as maternal and perinatal outcomes were examined among all people who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between March and August 2020. The association between 2019 influenza vaccination and having a positive SARS-CoV-2 test was examined among a cohort of individuals who delivered on randomly selected dates between March and August 2020. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed.

RESULTS

Of 2325 people who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 1068 (45.9%) were vaccinated against influenza in 2019. Those who received the influenza vaccine were older, leaner, more likely to have private insurance, and identify as White or Hispanic. They were less likely to smoke tobacco and identify as Black. Overall, 419 (18.0%) had moderate, 193 (8.3%) severe, and 52 (2.2%) critical COVID-19. There was no association between influenza vaccination and moderate-to-critical COVID-19 (29.2% vs. 28.0%, adjusted OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.90-1.34) or adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes among those who tested positive. Of 8152 people who delivered in 2020, 4658 (57.1%) received the influenza vaccine. Prior vaccination was not associated with a difference in the odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection (3.8% vs. 4.2%, adjusted OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.74-1.19).

CONCLUSION

Prior influenza vaccination was not associated with decreased severity of COVID-19 or lower odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy.

摘要

背景

最近在非孕妇人群中的数据表明流感疫苗接种可预防 SARS-CoV-2 感染及其严重程度。

目的

我们的主要目的是评估流感疫苗接种是否与感染 SARS-CoV-2 的 COVID-19 严重程度以及妊娠和新生儿结局相关。次要目的是研究流感疫苗接种与 SARS-CoV-2 感染之间的关联。

研究设计

对 2020 年 3 月至 8 月间检测出 SARS-CoV-2 阳性的多中心回顾性队列中的孕妇进行二次分析，以及同期随机分娩的队列。在 2020 年 3 月至 8 月间检测出 SARS-CoV-2 阳性的所有人群中，检查 2019 年流感疫苗接种与中度至重度 COVID-19 以及母婴结局的主要结局之间的关联。在 2020 年 3 月至 8 月间随机选择日期分娩的个体队列中，检查 2019 年流感疫苗接种与 SARS-CoV-2 检测阳性之间的关联。进行单变量和多变量分析。

结果

在 2325 名检测出 SARS-CoV-2 阳性的人群中，有 1068 名（45.9%）在 2019 年接种了流感疫苗。接种疫苗的人群年龄较大，体型较瘦，更有可能拥有私人保险，并且自认为是白人或西班牙裔。他们吸烟和自认为是黑人的可能性较小。总体而言，有 419 人（18.0%）患有中度 COVID-19，193 人（8.3%）患有严重 COVID-19，52 人（2.2%）患有危重症 COVID-19。流感疫苗接种与中度至重度 COVID-19 之间没有关联（29.2%与 28.0%，调整后的 OR 1.10，95%CI 0.90-1.34），也与检测阳性的母婴不良结局无关。在 2020 年分娩的 8152 人中，有 4658 人（57.1%）接种了流感疫苗。先前的疫苗接种与 SARS-CoV-2 感染的几率差异无关（3.8%与 4.2%，调整后的 OR 0.94，95%CI 0.74-1.19）。