Klaus Jenny, Seeger Manuel, Bigalke Moritz, Weber Collin J
Department of Soil Mineralogy and Soil Chemistry, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Technical University Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstraße 9, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
Department of Physical Geography, Trier University, Behringstraße 21, 54296 Trier, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Oct 15;947:174699. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174699. Epub 2024 Jul 10.
In the terrestrial environment, microplastics in specialty cropping systems have not been studied so far. Viticulture as a potential plastic-intensive management form and a land use with high erosion risks, plays an important role in transport and distribution of material to other terrestrial and aquatic systems. This paper is a first investigation of microplastics in vineyard soils, assessing the spatial distribution and composition of microplastics in organically and conventionally managed viticulture, and relates it to the macroplastic collected at the vineyards. Topsoils (0-10, 10-30 cm) and plastic particles on soil surfaces from eight vineyard lots were sampled. Four of the vineyards were under organic and four underconventional management and they were all located in the Moselle and Saar Wine Region (Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany). Microplastic analysis was performed via μFTIR chemical imaging after wet-chemical microplastic extraction from soil samples. The mean microplastic concentration was 4200 ± 2800 p kg (mean ± SD), with detected mean sizes of 230 μm ± 300 μm. Most abundant polymers were PP (35.2 %), PA (25.3 %) and PE (15.5 %). The distribution pattern showed higher microplastic concentration in topsoil, at middle and bottom slope position. The smallest particle sizes were found in subsoil samples and bottom position. Thus, erosion is assumed to be a potential downhill transport pathway. According to our dataset, management seems to have no significant influence on microplastic abundance, but affects polymer composition. Polymer composition of micro- and macroplastics partly coincide, thus in-situ fragmentation, is considered the major input source. Based on our findings, we recommend further investigation of plastic pathways in speciality crop systems like viticulture.
在陆地环境中，特种种植系统中的微塑料迄今尚未得到研究。葡萄栽培作为一种潜在的塑料密集型管理形式以及具有高侵蚀风险的土地利用方式，在物质向其他陆地和水生系统的运输与分布中起着重要作用。本文首次对葡萄园土壤中的微塑料进行调查，评估有机和传统管理的葡萄栽培中微塑料的空间分布和组成，并将其与葡萄园收集的宏观塑料相关联。采集了八个葡萄园地块的表层土壤（0 - 10厘米、10 - 30厘米）以及土壤表面的塑料颗粒。其中四个葡萄园采用有机管理，四个采用传统管理，它们均位于摩泽尔和萨尔葡萄酒产区（德国莱茵兰 - 普法尔茨州）。从土壤样品中进行湿化学微塑料提取后，通过μFTIR化学成像进行微塑料分析。微塑料的平均浓度为4200 ± 2800个/千克（平均值 ± 标准差），检测到的平均尺寸为230微米 ± 300微米。最丰富的聚合物是聚丙烯（PP，35.2%）、聚酰胺（PA，25.3%）和聚乙烯（PE，15.5%）。分布模式显示表层土壤、中坡和下坡位置的微塑料浓度较高。在下层土壤样品和底部位置发现的颗粒尺寸最小。因此，侵蚀被认为是一种潜在的下坡运输途径。根据我们的数据集，管理方式似乎对微塑料丰度没有显著影响，但会影响聚合物组成。微塑料和宏观塑料的聚合物组成部分一致，因此原地破碎被认为是主要的输入源。基于我们的研究结果，我们建议进一步研究葡萄栽培等特种作物系统中的塑料途径。
