Department of Family Medicine, Dicle University Medical School, Diyarbakır, Turkey.
Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Batman Training and Research Hospital, Batman, Turkey.
BMC Psychol. 2024 Jul 12;12(1):388. doi: 10.1186/s40359-024-01880-w.
The detrimental mental health effects which emerged from COVID-19 have profoundly affected healthcare workers (HCWs) worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating effects of traumatic stress and loneliness on the fears of contracting and dying from COVID-19, and anxiety and depression of HCWs during the pandemic.
A cross-sectional online survey was completed by HCWs in a province of Turkey. The Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, Impact of Events Scale-Revised and numerical rating scales (for fears of COVID-19 and loneliness) were used and a bootstrap approach was used in the analyses with SPSS PROCESS macro software.
Of the HCWs evaluated, 150 (34.4%) were doctors, with a mean duration of work experience of 10.6 ± 7.5 years. The results indicated that fear of contracting COVID-19 was directly related to anxiety (β = 0.244, p < 0.001) and depression (β = 0.135, p < 0.01) and that traumatic stress and loneliness mediated the relationships between the fear of contracting COVID-19 and anxiety (β = 0.435, p < 0.001; β = 0.235, p < 0.001, respectively) and depression (β = 0.365, p < 0.001; β = 0.294, p < 0.001, respectively). The fear of dying from COVID-19 was determined to be directly associated with anxiety (β = 0.190, p < 0.001) but not with depression (β = 0.066, p = 0.116), and traumatic stress and loneliness mediated the relationships between the fear of dying from COVID-19 and anxiety (β = 0.476, p < 0.001; β = 0.259, p < 0.001, respectively) and depression (β = 0.400, p < 0.001; β = 0.311, p < 0.001, respectively).
The study results demonstrated the important roles of traumatic stress and loneliness in exacerbating the negative consequences of fears of COVID-19 on anxiety and depression, and provide insights for identifying HCWs at greater risk.
COVID-19 带来的有害心理健康影响深刻地影响了全球医护人员（HCWs）。本研究旨在调查创伤后应激和孤独感对 COVID-19 恐惧、焦虑和抑郁的中介作用。
在土耳其的一个省份，通过在线调查完成了医护人员的横断面研究。使用医院焦虑抑郁量表、事件影响量表修订版和数字评分量表（用于对 COVID-19 的恐惧和孤独感），并使用 SPSS PROCESS 宏软件进行 bootstrap 分析。
评估的医护人员中，150 人（34.4%）为医生，平均工作经验为 10.6±7.5 年。结果表明，对感染 COVID-19 的恐惧与焦虑（β=0.244，p<0.001）和抑郁（β=0.135，p<0.01）直接相关，创伤后应激和孤独感在感染 COVID-19 的恐惧与焦虑（β=0.435，p<0.001；β=0.235，p<0.001）和抑郁（β=0.365，p<0.001；β=0.294，p<0.001）之间的关系中起中介作用。对死于 COVID-19 的恐惧与焦虑（β=0.190，p<0.001）有关，但与抑郁无关（β=0.066，p=0.116），创伤后应激和孤独感在死于 COVID-19 的恐惧与焦虑（β=0.476，p<0.001；β=0.259，p<0.001）和抑郁（β=0.400，p<0.001；β=0.311，p<0.001）之间的关系中起中介作用。
研究结果表明，创伤后应激和孤独感在加剧对 COVID-19 的恐惧对焦虑和抑郁的负面影响方面起着重要作用，并为识别面临更大风险的医护人员提供了依据。
