Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, 410049 Saratov, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jun 22;25(13):6877. doi: 10.3390/ijms25136877.
Higher-fungi xylotrophic basidiomycetes are known to be the reservoirs of bioactive metabolites. Currently, a great deal of attention has been paid to the exploitation of mycelial fungi products as an innovative alternative in crop protection. No data exist on the mechanisms behind the interaction between xylotrophic mushrooms' glycopolymeric substances and plants. In this study, the effects of basidiomycete metabolites on the morphophysiological and biochemical variables of wheat plants have been explored. Wheat ( L. cv. Saratovskaya 29) seedlings were treated with extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) isolated from the submerged cultures of twenty basidiomycete strains assigned to 13 species and 8 genera. The EPS solutions at final concentrations of 15, 40, and 80 mg/L were applied to wheat seedlings followed by their growth for 10 days. In the plant samples, the biomass, length of coleoptile, shoot and root, root number, rate of lipid peroxidation by malondialdehyde concentration, content of hydrogen peroxide, and total phenols were measured. The peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity were defined. Most of the EPS preparations improved biomass yields, as well as the morphological parameters examined. EPS application enhanced the activities of antioxidant enzymes and decreased oxidative damage to lipids. Judging by its overall effect on the growth indices and redox system of wheat plants, an EPS concentration of 40 mg/L has been shown to be the most beneficial compared to other concentrations. This study proves that novel bioformulations based on mushroom EPSs can be developed and are effective for wheat growth and antioxidative response. Phytostimulating properties found for EPSs give grounds to consider extracellular metabolites produced in the xylotrophic basidiomycete cultures as an active component capable of inducing plant responses to stress.
高等木生担子菌类真菌被认为是生物活性代谢物的储存库。目前，人们非常关注利用丝状真菌产品作为作物保护的创新替代品。关于木生蘑菇糖聚合物质与植物相互作用的机制尚缺乏数据。在这项研究中，探索了担子菌代谢物对小麦植株形态生理和生化变量的影响。用从 20 株担子菌菌株的液体培养物中分离得到的胞外多糖（EPS）处理小麦（ L. cv. Saratovskaya 29）幼苗，这些菌株被分配到 13 个种和 8 个属。将 EPS 溶液终浓度为 15、40 和 80mg/L 分别应用于小麦幼苗，然后生长 10 天。在植物样本中，测量了生物量、胚芽鞘长度、茎和根、根的数量、丙二醛浓度表示的脂质过氧化率、过氧化氢含量和总酚含量。测定了过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性。大多数 EPS 制剂都提高了生物量和所检查的形态参数。EPS 的应用增强了抗氧化酶的活性，降低了脂质的氧化损伤。从对小麦植株生长指标和氧化还原系统的综合影响来看，40mg/L 的 EPS 浓度比其他浓度更有益。这项研究证明，基于蘑菇 EPS 的新型生物制剂可以开发并有效促进小麦生长和抗氧化反应。EPS 表现出的植物刺激特性使得木生担子菌类培养物中产生的细胞外代谢物可以作为一种能够诱导植物对胁迫产生反应的活性成分。
