Growth factor production during multistage transformation of epithelium in vitro. I. Partial purification and characterisation of the factor(s) from a fully transformed epithelial cell line.

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-like activity is characterised from one of a series of salivary epithelial cell lines, CSG 211, chemically transformed in vitro. In this transformation system, we can demonstrate multiple stages in the acquisition of a malignant phenotype by normal diploid ductal epithelial cells from male mouse submandibular gland. The fully transformed, tumorigenic cell TGF-like activity in serum-free supernatants resembles no other well-characterised growth factor and has an apparent molecular weight (Mr) of 14 kd. There is also evidence of a higher Mr activity, which is separable by anion exchange chromatography. We show that the premalignant, nontumorigenic progenitor cells of this line do not produce demonstrable TGF-like activity and that this property is therefore acquired as CSG 211 cells become carcinoma producing.