EMG biofeedback with upper extremity musculature for relaxation training: a critical review of the literature.

A critical review is presented of studies utilizing EMG biofeedback for relaxation of upper extremity musculature. Examined are experimental investigations with normal subjects and those with psychological problems, and clinical applications of the methodology for treatment of involuntary movements and anxiety. Articles are reviewed in terms of procedures, controls and results. It is determined that few valid conclusions can be drawn regarding the efficacy of upper extremity EMG biofeedback for relaxation and that further research is required prior to utilizing the technique clinically. Suggestions are offered for areas of investigation.