Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada.
Department of Chemistry, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2024 Oct;81:102600. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102600. Epub 2024 Jul 12.
Mitragynine, an alkaloid found in Mitragyna speciosa (kratom), shows promise as a potential alternative to opioids owing to its distinctive indole alkaloid structure and its capacity for pain relief, alleviation of opioid withdrawal symptoms, and anti-inflammatory effects. Recently the intricate process of mitragynine biosynthesis from the precursor strictosidine was elucidated, providing insights into the complex pathways responsible for synthesizing this opioid compound and its related diastereomers. As the search continues for the authentic hydroxylase and methyltransferase crucial for mitragynine formation, leveraging enzymes from other species and exploiting enzyme promiscuity has facilitated heterologous mitragynine biosynthesis in microbes. This highlights the extraordinary flexibility of enzymes in generating a spectrum of variations and analogs of kratom opioids within alternative biological systems.
在植物标本（Kratom）中发现的一种生物碱，即美托拉宗，由于其独特的吲哚生物碱结构以及缓解疼痛、减轻阿片类药物戒断症状和抗炎作用，有望成为阿片类药物的替代品。最近，阐明了从前体斯曲申宁生物合成美托拉宗的复杂过程，深入了解了负责合成这种阿片类化合物及其相关非对映异构体的复杂途径。随着对形成美托拉宗至关重要的真正羟化酶和甲基转移酶的不断探索，利用来自其他物种的酶和利用酶的多功能性，促进了微生物中异源美托拉宗的生物合成。这突出了酶在替代生物系统中产生一系列变化和 Kratom 阿片类药物类似物的非凡灵活性。
