运动员铁缺乏：患病率及对峰值摄氧量的影响。

Iron deficiency in athletes: Prevalence and impact on VO peak.

机构信息

Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Clinic VII, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.

Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Clinic VII, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.

出版信息

Nutrition. 2024 Oct;126:112516. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112516. Epub 2024 Jun 10.

DOI:10.1016/j.nut.2024.112516

PMID:39002373

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Iron is an important micronutrient in pathways of energy production, adequate nutrient intake and its balance is essential for optimal athletic performance. However, large studies elucidating the impact of iron deficiency on athletes' performance are sparse.

METHODS

Competitive athletes of any age who presented for preparticipation screening 04/2020-10/2021 were included in this study and stratified for iron deficiency (defined as ferritin level <20 µg/l with and without mild anemia [hemoglobin levels ≥11 g/dl]). Athletes with and without iron deficiency were compared and the impact of iron deficiency on athletic performance was investigated.

RESULTS

Overall, 1190 athletes (mean age 21.9 ± 11.6 years; 34.2% females) were included in this study. Among these, 19.7% had iron deficiency. Patients with iron deficiency were younger (18.1 ± 8.4 vs. 22.8 ± 12.1 years, P < 0.001), more often females (64.5% vs. 26.8%, P < 0.001), had lower VO peak value (43.4 [38.5/47.5] vs. 45.6 [39.1/50.6]ml/min/kg, P = 0.022) and lower proportion of athletes reaching VO peak of >50 ml/min/kg (8.5% vs. 16.1%, P = 0.003). Female sex (OR 4.35 [95% CI 3.13-5.88], P > 0.001) was independently associated with increased risk for iron deficiency. In contrast, the risk for iron deficiency decreased by every life year (OR 0.97 [95% CI 0.95-0.99], P = 0.003). Iron deficiency was independently associated with reduced VO peak (OR 0.94 [0.91-0.97], P < 0.001) and lower probability to reach VO peak >50 ml/min/kg (OR 0.42 [95% CI 0.25-0.69], P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Iron deficiency is common in athletes (predominantly in female and in young athletes). Iron deficiency was independently associated with reduced VO peak during exercise testing and lower probability to reach a VO peak >50 ml/min/kg.

摘要

背景

铁是能量产生途径、充足营养素摄入和平衡的重要微量元素，对于最佳运动表现至关重要。然而，阐明缺铁对运动员表现影响的大型研究很少。

方法

本研究纳入了 2020 年 4 月至 2021 年 10 月期间进行参赛前筛查的任何年龄的竞技运动员，并按缺铁（定义为铁蛋白水平 <20μg/l 且伴有轻度贫血[血红蛋白水平≥11g/dl]）进行分层。比较了缺铁和无缺铁的运动员，并研究了缺铁对运动表现的影响。

结果

本研究共纳入 1190 名运动员（平均年龄 21.9±11.6 岁；34.2%为女性）。其中，19.7%存在缺铁。缺铁患者更年轻（18.1±8.4 岁 vs. 22.8±12.1 岁，P<0.001），女性更多（64.5% vs. 26.8%，P<0.001），峰值摄氧量（VOpeak）值更低（43.4[38.5/47.5]ml/min/kg vs. 45.6[39.1/50.6]ml/min/kg，P=0.022），达到>50ml/min/kg 的运动员比例更低（8.5% vs. 16.1%，P=0.003）。女性（OR 4.35[95%CI 3.13-5.88]，P>0.001）是缺铁的独立危险因素。相反，每增加 1 岁，缺铁的风险就降低 0.97（95%CI 0.95-0.99），P=0.003）。缺铁与 VOpeak 降低（OR 0.94[0.91-0.97]，P<0.001）和达到>50ml/min/kg 的可能性降低（OR 0.42[95%CI 0.25-0.69]，P=0.001）独立相关。