Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Email:
Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science (Haematology and Blood Transfusion Science), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan.
West Afr J Med. 2024 Apr 30;41(4):406-413.
Rh blood group antigens are the second most important blood group antigens in clinical transfusion due to their immunogenicity and prevalence. Childbirth, miscarriage, and other obstetrics events are risk factors for alloimmunization in women which increases the likelihood of haemolytic blood transfusion reaction and hemolytic disease of the fetal/newborn (HDNF/B). Even though there are several data on the RhD status of our populations. However, there is a dearth of data on pregnant women's C, E, c, and e status, their alloimmunization risk, and rates in Nigeria.
This study aims to provide information on the distribution of the Rh major antigens and risk factors for alloimmunization in pregnant women in southwestern Nigeria.
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 133 pregnant women attending routine ante-natal clinics. Questionnaires were administered to collect biodata and obstetrics history. ABO blood grouping and Rh phenotyping were carried out on their blood samples using RAPID LABS Monoclonal Rhesus Typing Reagent.
Rh blood group antigen c was present in 100% of the women, followed by e (98.5%) and D (95.5%). C and E are the least prevalent antigens and probably the ones to which antibodies may be formed. The commonest Rh phenotype was Dce. Of all the pregnant women, alloimmunization was present in 0.8%. Of those who were RhD negative, alloimmunization was present in 16.7%. Pregnant women are more likely to be alloimmunized against C and E antigens than c and e antigens due to their low and high frequencies respectively.
由于 Rh 血型抗原的免疫原性和普遍性，它们是临床输血中仅次于 ABO 血型的第二大重要血型抗原。分娩、流产和其他产科事件是女性同种免疫的危险因素，增加了溶血性输血反应和胎儿/新生儿溶血病（HDN/B）的可能性。尽管有许多关于我们人群 RhD 状态的数据，但在尼日利亚，关于孕妇 C、E、c 和 e 状态、同种免疫风险及其发生率的数据却很少。
本研究旨在提供关于尼日利亚西南部孕妇 Rh 主要抗原分布和同种免疫风险因素的信息。
这是一项对 133 名在常规产前诊所就诊的孕妇进行的描述性横断面研究。通过问卷调查收集生物数据和产科史。使用 RAPID LABS 单克隆 Rh 定型试剂对其血液样本进行 ABO 血型分组和 Rh 表型检测。
Rh 血型抗原 c 在 100%的女性中存在，其次是 e（98.5%）和 D（95.5%）。C 和 E 是最不常见的抗原，可能是形成抗体的抗原。最常见的 Rh 表型是 Dce。在所有孕妇中，同种免疫的存在率为 0.8%。在 RhD 阴性的孕妇中，同种免疫的存在率为 16.7%。由于 C 和 E 抗原的频率较低和较高，孕妇更有可能对 C 和 E 抗原产生同种免疫，而不是 c 和 e 抗原。
