Department of Internal and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.
Department of Cardiology, Istishari Hospital, Amman, Jordan.
Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2024 Jul 8;20:313-322. doi: 10.2147/VHRM.S468209. eCollection 2024.
The coexistence of multiple standard modifiable risk factors (SMuRFs),classical and novel risk factors (RFs) for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is common in the Middle East (ME). There is a paucity of data on the coexistence of these RFs in ME young women.
Comparing the prevalence and the statistical patterns of the SMuRFs, classical and novel RFs in target population.
In this case-control (1:2) study, consecutive young women aged 18-50 years were enrolled in 12 centers (July 2021 to October 2023). Prevalence and coexistence of 19 RFs were compared between cases with ASCVD and their controls. The RFs included SMuRFs (hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cigarette smoking), other classical RF (obesity, family history of premature ASCVD, and physical inactivity), novel RFs and social determinants of health (health insurance, place of residence, depression, and level of education).
The study included 627 subjects; 209 had ASCVD (median age 46 years, IQR 49-42 years) and 418 controls (median age 45 years, IQR 48-41 years). The presence of 1-2 RFs; (ASCVD: 63.2%, Control: 54.1%, p=0.037) and 3-4 RFs; (ASCVD: 27.8%, Control: 3.3%, p < 0.001) SMuRFs was more prevalent in women with ASCVD. Similarly, the presence of 4-5 RFs; (ASCVD: 40.7%, Control: 14.6%, p<0.001), and 6-7 (ASCVD: 10.5%, Control: 1%, p < 0.001). The classical RF were also significantly common in these women. The distribution of multiple novel RF was not statistically significant across both groups. Finally, regarding the socioeconomic RFs in women with ASCVDs, the presence of 1-2 RFs (ASCVD: 59.8%, Control: 76.1%, p < 0.001) was significantly less common while the presence of 3-4 RFs (ASCVD: 39.2%, Control: 21.8%, p < 0.001) was vastly more common.
An elevated rate of coexistence of classical RF in the case group, mainly socioeconomic and SMuRFs. By managing them primary and secondary ASCVDs prevention attained.
在中东（ME），多种标准可改变的风险因素（SMuRFs）、经典和新型风险因素（RFs）同时存在于动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（ASCVD）患者中较为常见。然而，关于这些 RFs 在 ME 年轻女性中的共存情况，数据仍然较为匮乏。
比较目标人群中 SMuRFs、经典和新型 RFs 的患病率和统计学模式。
本病例对照（1:2）研究纳入了 12 个中心连续就诊的年龄在 18-50 岁之间的年轻女性（2021 年 7 月至 2023 年 10 月）。比较 ASCVD 患者与其对照组中 19 种 RFs 的患病率和共存情况。RFs 包括 SMuRFs（高血压、2 型糖尿病、血脂异常和吸烟）、其他经典 RF（肥胖、早发 ASCVD 家族史和体力活动不足）、新型 RF 和社会决定因素（健康保险、居住地、抑郁和教育水平）。
该研究共纳入 627 名受试者；209 名患有 ASCVD（中位年龄 46 岁，IQR 49-42 岁），418 名对照组（中位年龄 45 岁，IQR 48-41 岁）。患有 ASCVD 的女性中存在 1-2 种 RFs（63.2%，对照组为 54.1%，p=0.037）和 3-4 种 RFs（27.8%，对照组为 3.3%，p<0.001）的情况更为常见。同样，存在 4-5 种 RFs（40.7%，对照组为 14.6%，p<0.001）和 6-7 种 RFs（10.5%，对照组为 1%，p<0.001）的情况在这些女性中也更为常见。这些女性中经典 RF 的分布也显著更为常见。两组中多个新型 RF 的分布没有统计学意义。最后，在 ASCVD 女性中，社会经济 RFs 的存在情况也有所不同。患有 ASCVD 的女性中存在 1-2 种 RFs（59.8%，对照组为 76.1%，p<0.001）的情况显著较少，而存在 3-4 种 RFs（39.2%，对照组为 21.8%，p<0.001）的情况则更为常见。
病例组中经典 RF 的共存率较高，主要为社会经济和 SMuRFs。通过对这些因素进行一级和二级 ASCVD 预防，可以实现 ASCVD 的预防。
