Ekpenyong Enobong Edet, Akpan Usenobong Morgan, Oloyede Iso Precious, Ebiekpi Ifunanya Ularinma, David Utibe David
Department of Paediatrics, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
Niger Med J. 2024 May 23;65(2):213-221. doi: 10.60787/nmj-v65i2-410. eCollection 2024 Mar-Apr.
Most neonatal deaths occur in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). These deaths can be prevented through universal access to basic high-quality in-patient health services. Prematurity, neonatal sepsis, and perinatal asphyxia have been reported as the leading causes of in-patient neonatal deaths. This study aimed to assess the trend of neonatal mortality in our hospital, determine the pattern and causes of neonatal mortality, and evaluate the factors associated with neonatal mortality in our facility.
This was a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the Special Care Babies Unit (SCBU) and Sick Babies Unit (SBU) of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, over seven years (2015-2021). Demographic, clinical, and mortality data was extracted from the case record files of patients into a structured proforma and analysed.
There was a total of 228 deaths comprising 130 males (57.02%) and 98 (42.98%) females. The median age at demise was 4.00 (IQR = 1.00 - 12.00) days for both genders. The majority (71.50%) of deaths occurred in the Sick Babies Unit. More males died than females (57% vs 43%). The three leading causes of death were: prematurity (38.60%), neonatal sepsis (38.16%), and birth asphyxia (13.60%).
The leading causes of neonatal mortality in our environment are prematurity and neonatal sepsis. There is a need for increased community education on antenatal care, training of traditional birth attendants, improved newborn transportation facilities, and provision of neonatal intensive care facilities.
大多数新生儿死亡发生在低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）。通过普遍获得基本的高质量住院医疗服务，可以预防这些死亡。据报道，早产、新生儿败血症和围产期窒息是住院新生儿死亡的主要原因。本研究旨在评估我院新生儿死亡率的趋势，确定新生儿死亡的模式和原因，并评估我院与新生儿死亡相关的因素。
这是一项回顾性横断面描述性研究，在阿约大学教学医院的特殊护理婴儿病房（SCBU）和患病婴儿病房（SBU）进行，为期七年（2015 - 2021年）。从患者的病例记录文件中提取人口统计学、临床和死亡率数据，录入结构化表格并进行分析。
共有228例死亡，其中男性130例（57.02%），女性98例（42.98%）。两性死亡的中位年龄均为4.00（四分位间距 = 1.00 - 12.00）天。大多数（71.50%）死亡发生在患病婴儿病房。男性死亡人数多于女性（57%对43%）。死亡的三大主要原因是：早产（38.60%）、新生儿败血症（38.16%）和出生窒息（13.60%）。
我们环境中新生儿死亡的主要原因是早产和新生儿败血症。需要加强社区产前保健教育、培训传统助产士、改善新生儿转运设施以及提供新生儿重症监护设施。
