Food Security and Safety Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, North-West Province, South Africa.
PeerJ. 2024 Jul 10;12:e17303. doi: 10.7717/peerj.17303. eCollection 2024.
Anthropogenic mediations contribute a significant role in stimulating positive reactions in soil-plant interactions; however, methodical reports on how anthropogenic activities impact soil microorganism-induced properties and soil health are still inadequate. In this study, we evaluated the influence of anthropogenic fertilization of farmland soil on barley rhizosphere microbial community structure and diversity, and the significant impacts on agro-ecosystem productivity. This will help validate the premise that soil amendment with prolonged synthetic fertilizers can lead to a significant reduction in bacterial abundance and diversity, while soils amended with organic fertilizers elicit the succession of the native soil microbial community and favor the growth of copiotrophic bacteria.
The total metagenomic DNA was extracted from soils obtained from the barley rhizosphere under chemical fertilization (CB), organic fertilization (OB), and bulk soil (NB). Subsequently, these samples were sequenced using an amplicon-based sequencing approach, and the raw sequence dataset was examined using a metagenomic rast server (MG-RAST).
Our findings showed that all environments (CB, OB, and NB) shared numerous soil bacterial phyla but with different compositions. However, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria predominated in the barley rhizosphere under chemical fertilization, organic fertilization, and bulk soils, respectively. Alpha and beta diversity analysis showed that the diversity of bacteria under organic barley rhizosphere was significantly higher and more evenly distributed than bacteria under chemical fertilization and bulk soil.
Understanding the impact of conventional and organic fertilizers on the structure, composition, and diversity of the rhizosphere microbiome will assist in soil engineering to enhance microbial diversity in the agroecosystem.
人为干预在刺激土壤-植物相互作用中的积极反应方面起着重要作用；然而，关于人为活动如何影响土壤微生物诱导特性和土壤健康的系统报告仍然不足。在这项研究中，我们评估了农田土壤人为施肥对大麦根际微生物群落结构和多样性的影响，以及对农业生态系统生产力的显著影响。这将有助于验证这样一个前提，即长期使用合成肥料进行土壤改良会导致细菌丰度和多样性的显著减少，而有机肥料的改良会引发本地土壤微生物群落的演替，并有利于富营养型细菌的生长。
从化学施肥（CB）、有机施肥（OB）和原状土（NB）的大麦根际中提取总宏基因组 DNA。随后，使用基于扩增子的测序方法对这些样品进行测序，并使用宏基因组 rast 服务器（MG-RAST）检查原始序列数据集。
我们的研究结果表明，所有环境（CB、OB 和 NB）都共享许多土壤细菌门，但组成不同。然而，在化学施肥、有机施肥和原状土的大麦根际中，厚壁菌门、变形菌门和放线菌门分别占主导地位。α和β多样性分析表明，有机大麦根际细菌的多样性显著更高，分布更均匀，而化学施肥和原状土中的细菌则不然。
了解常规和有机肥料对根际微生物群落结构、组成和多样性的影响，将有助于进行土壤工程，以提高农业生态系统中的微生物多样性。
