Esan Oluwaseun Olanrewaju, Igado Olumayowa Olawumi, Femi-Akinlosotu Omowumi Moromoke, Oyagbemi Ademola Adetokunbo, Omobowale Temidayo Olutayo, Oladele Omolade Abodunrin, Nwulia Evaristus
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
IBRO Neurosci Rep. 2024 Jun 13;17:65-72. doi: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.06.004. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Lead (Pb) is a ubiquitous, non-biodegradable heavy metal contaminant with a significant impact on both human and animal health. The adverse effect of lead on health and productivity of avian species has received little attention. (Benth) belongs to Euphorbiaceae family and grows naturally in the Nigerian rain forest. Decoction of the leaves is usually administered traditionally to treat inflammatory and infectious diseases. The ethanol extract of (EaAL) leaves was used in this study to ameliorate lead-induced neurodegeneration. Seven groups of 5-week-old cockerels (n=5) were treated for 6 weeks thus: Group A - Control (water only), Group B - (100 mg/kg of EaAL daily), Group C - (200 mg/kg of EaAL daily, p.o.), Group D - (1 % lead acetate in drinking water), Group E - (1 % lead acetate in drinking water and 100 mg/kg of EaAL daily), Group F - (1 % lead acetate and 200 mg/kg of EaAL daily), Group G - (1 % lead acetate and 100 mg/kg of Vitamin C). All administrations were per os birds were euthanized on day 43 by quick cervical dislocation. Histological stains (H&E and Nissl) and Black Gold II (BGII) histochemistry were used to assess alterations in the cerebrum and cerebellum. Administration of EaAL at the two concentrations resulted in a drastic reduction in the incidence of neuropathologies observed (e.g. pyknosis and multilayering of Purkinje cells, neuronal degeneration in hippocampus cerebrum and ependymal cells, distortion of meningeal epithelial cells, etc). BGII histochemistry revealed severe demyelination caused by the administration of lead acetate, while the two doses of EaAL showed significant restoration of myelin in the cerebellum. The amelioration of demyelination observed with the use of vitamin C was considerably lower than that recorded with the use of EaAL. The use of EaAL significantly ameliorated morphological alterations and demyelination caused by the administration of lead acetate, however, caution should be exercised in the administration, as individual species idiosyncrasies may arise and the tendency to pro-oxidation at 200 mg/kg when administered alone was observed in one subject.
铅（Pb）是一种普遍存在、不可生物降解的重金属污染物，对人类和动物健康都有重大影响。铅对鸟类健康和生产力的不利影响很少受到关注。（Benth）属于大戟科，自然生长在尼日利亚雨林中。传统上，其叶子的煎剂用于治疗炎症和传染病。本研究使用（EaAL）叶的乙醇提取物来改善铅诱导的神经退行性变。将七组5周龄的公鸡（n = 5）治疗6周，具体如下：A组 - 对照组（仅饮水），B组 - （每天100毫克/千克EaAL），C组 - （每天200毫克/千克EaAL，口服），D组 - （饮用水中含1%醋酸铅），E组 - （饮用水中含1%醋酸铅且每天100毫克/千克EaAL），F组 - （1%醋酸铅和每天200毫克/千克EaAL），G组 - （1%醋酸铅和每天100毫克/千克维生素C）。所有给药均经口进行，在第43天通过快速颈椎脱臼法对鸡实施安乐死。使用组织学染色（苏木精和伊红染色以及尼氏染色）和黑金II（BGII）组织化学来评估大脑和小脑的变化。给予两种浓度的EaAL导致观察到的神经病理学发生率大幅降低（例如浦肯野细胞的核固缩和多层化、海马体、大脑和室管膜细胞中的神经元变性、脑膜上皮细胞的扭曲等）。BGII组织化学显示醋酸铅给药导致严重脱髓鞘，而两种剂量的EaAL显示小脑髓磷脂有显著恢复。使用维生素C观察到的脱髓鞘改善程度明显低于使用EaAL记录的程度。使用EaAL显著改善了醋酸铅给药引起的形态学改变和脱髓鞘，然而，给药时应谨慎，因为可能会出现个体物种特异性，并且在一个实验对象中观察到单独给予200毫克/千克时存在促氧化倾向。
