Jacobsen B S, Meininger J C
Nurs Res. 1985 Sep-Oct;34(5):306-12.
This study describes the relative frequencies over time of designs and methods used in nursing research articles published in three refereed journals. All articles published in 1956, 1961, 1966, 1971, 1976, 1981, and 1983 were reviewed (N = 434); 83% were research articles. Methodological research comprised 11% and historical research 1% of the 362 research articles. The designs of the remaining 317 research reports were classified as experimental (27%) or observational (73%). Use of experimental designs peaked in the mid-1960s (41%) and appears to be on the decline (20% in 1983). Cross-sectional studies predominated throughout the period (49%). Methods, including types of subjects, sample selection, and data collection instruments, are described and analyzed for time trends. The findings are discussed in light of the designs and methods advocated in nursing texts and literature.
本研究描述了发表在三种同行评审期刊上的护理研究文章中，不同设计和方法随时间变化的相对频率。对1956年、1961年、1966年、1971年、1976年、1981年和1983年发表的所有文章进行了回顾（N = 434）；其中83%为研究文章。在362篇研究文章中，方法学研究占11%，历史研究占1%。其余317篇研究报告的设计分为实验性（27%）或观察性（73%）。实验性设计的使用在20世纪60年代中期达到峰值（41%），且似乎呈下降趋势（1983年为20%）。横断面研究在整个时期占主导地位（49%）。对包括研究对象类型、样本选择和数据收集工具在内的方法进行了描述，并分析了其时间趋势。根据护理教材和文献中提倡的设计和方法对研究结果进行了讨论。
