Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Institute for humanities and cultural studies, Tehran, Iran.
BMC Public Health. 2024 Jul 15;24(1):1891. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-19135-z.
Child labor is one of the important social issues that deprive children of many fundamental rights, and make them face many problems and consequences, including health problems. Thus, this study was conducted with the aim of examining the health of working children in Tehran. This is an ethnographic study that was conducted using Carspecken's approach and was completed in 2022. The main participants of this study included working children aged 10-18 years living in Tehran. In order to collect information, the researcher was present at the workplace, school, and living places of working children for more than two years, observing their lives and activities. Formal and informal interviews were also conducted with the working children and informed people. In total, hundreds of working children were assessed and observed in this research. A friendly conversation was formed between the researcher and more than 50 children, and official interviews were conducted with six of the working children. Also, more than 10 official interviews were conducted with informed people and parents of working children. In addition to observations and interviews, documents such as medical records and drawings of working children were also examined and interpreted. The information obtained from observations, interviews, and documents was entered into MAXQDA software, and its raw codes were extracted. The high-level codes as well as sub and main categories were formed from the aggregation of low-level codes. Impaired health was formed from three subcategories of tormented body (work and environmental trauma, sexual abuse, malnutrition, fatigue, sleep disorder and inadequate hygiene), disquieted mind (anxious children, depression and isolation, reduced self-esteem and unfocused mind) and disrupted sociability (negative social role modeling, aggression and violence, stubbornness and vindictiveness, harassment and nuisance, reprehensible social behaviors, neglecting others' ownership, disturbed relationships and out-group self-censorship). The results of the present study showed that the health of working children is compromised in various physical, psychological, and social ways. Therefore, some measures should be taken at the national and international levels to improve their health, such as revising the existing laws regarding children and informing children of their rights.
儿童劳动是剥夺儿童多项基本权利并使他们面临诸多问题和后果（包括健康问题）的重要社会问题之一。因此，本研究旨在考察德黑兰童工的健康状况。这是一项采用 Carspecken 方法进行的民族志研究，于 2022 年完成。本研究的主要参与者包括居住在德黑兰的 10-18 岁的童工。为了收集信息，研究人员在两年多的时间里一直出现在童工的工作场所、学校和居住地，观察他们的生活和活动。还对童工和知情者进行了正式和非正式访谈。在这项研究中，总共评估和观察了数百名童工。研究人员与 50 多名儿童进行了友好交谈，并对其中 6 名童工进行了正式访谈。此外，还对 10 多名知情者和童工的父母进行了正式访谈。除了观察和访谈外，还检查和解释了工作儿童的医疗记录和图纸等文件。从观察、访谈和文件中获得的信息被输入 MAXQDA 软件，并提取其原始代码。从低层次代码的聚合中形成了高层次代码以及子类别和主类别。受损的健康状况由三个亚类组成：受折磨的身体（工作和环境创伤、性虐待、营养不良、疲劳、睡眠障碍和不适当的卫生）、不安的心灵（焦虑的孩子、抑郁和孤立、自尊心降低和注意力不集中）和混乱的社交关系（不良的社会角色模式、攻击和暴力、固执和报复心、骚扰和滋扰、应受谴责的社会行为、忽视他人的所有权、人际关系紊乱和外群体自我审查）。本研究的结果表明，童工的健康状况在身体、心理和社会等方面都受到了损害。因此，应该在国家和国际层面采取一些措施来改善他们的健康状况，例如修订关于儿童的现有法律并告知儿童他们的权利。
