Allergy Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, 50139, Florence, Italy.
Dipartimento Materno-Infantile, SC Pediatria, Ospedale Latisana-Palmanova, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale, 33100, Udine, Italy.
Ital J Pediatr. 2024 Jul 15;50(1):127. doi: 10.1186/s13052-024-01694-x.
Drug hypersensitivity reactions are common in children. Risk factors predisposing to IgE-mediated drug allergies and delayed drug reactions are a matter of debate. Gender, age, previous reactions to the same drug or to another drug, reduced drug metabolism, chronic diseases, polypharmacy, drug doses are linked with the onset of hypersensitivity reactions in some children. Novel advances in genetic polymorphisms can rapidly change the approach to the prevention of reactions since gene testing can be a useful screening test for severe cutaneous adverse reactions. Viral infections may act as cofactors in susceptible individuals. Polypharmacy, high doses, repeated doses and parental route of administration are also risk factors. Clinicians should take into account risk factors to allow the risk-benefit balance to be maintained.
药物过敏反应在儿童中很常见。易导致 IgE 介导的药物过敏和延迟药物反应的危险因素仍存在争议。性别、年龄、对同一药物或其他药物的先前反应、药物代谢减少、慢性疾病、多种药物治疗、药物剂量与一些儿童过敏反应的发生有关。遗传多态性的新进展可以迅速改变预防反应的方法，因为基因检测可以作为严重皮肤不良反应的有用筛选试验。病毒感染可能在易感个体中作为协同因素。多种药物治疗、高剂量、重复剂量和父母给药途径也是危险因素。临床医生应考虑危险因素，以维持风险-效益平衡。
