School of International Pharmaceutical Business, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Xinhua Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
Front Public Health. 2024 Jul 1;12:1402581. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1402581. eCollection 2024.
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the National Centralized Drug Procurement (NCDP) policy on chemical pharmaceutical enterprises' R&D investment and provide references for improving NCDP policy design and encouraging innovation in the pharmaceutical industry.
Using the panel data of 102 Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed enterprises from 2016 to 2022 under the chemical pharmaceutical classification of Shenwan in Wind database as the research sample, this study developed difference-in-differences (DID) models on bid-winning and bid-non-winning enterprises, respectively, to evaluate the impact of NCDP policy on their R&D investment. In addition, this study tested the heterogeneity of bid-winning enterprises based on the bid success rate, the decline of drug price, and enterprise size.
The NCDP policy could encourage chemical pharmaceutical companies to increase R&D investment, but the low bid success rate and excessive drug price reduction would reduce their R&D enthusiasm, especially for small- and medium-sized enterprises.
It is suggested that the NCDP policy should be further improved: first, revise the bidding rule of the NCDP policy and increase the bid success rate so that more enterprises can win bids, and second, to solve the problem of excessive drug price reduction, evaluate the rationality of bid-winning prices, and introduce a two-way selection mechanism between medical institutions and supply enterprises. Integrate pharmacoeconomic evaluation into the NCDP rules to form a benign competition among enterprises. Third, attention should be paid to supporting policies for small- and medium-sized enterprises. By increasing procurement volume, shortening payment time limits, and increasing the proportion of advance payments, enterprises' cash flow shortages can be alleviated, thus achieving fairness and inclusiveness in the implementation of the NCDP policy.
本研究旨在评估国家集中带量采购（NCDP）政策对化药企业研发投入的影响，为完善 NCDP 政策设计、鼓励医药行业创新提供参考。
利用 Wind 数据库申万化学制药分类下 2016 年至 2022 年 102 家上海和深圳 A 股上市企业的面板数据，分别对中标和未中标企业进行双重差分（DID）模型，评估 NCDP 政策对其研发投入的影响。此外，还基于中标成功率、药品价格降幅和企业规模，对中标企业进行异质性检验。
NCDP 政策能够激励化药企业增加研发投入，但低中标成功率和药品价格降幅过大，会降低企业研发积极性，尤其是中小企业。
建议进一步完善 NCDP 政策：一是修订 NCDP 政策的招标规则，提高中标成功率，使更多企业能够中标；二是解决药品价格降幅过大的问题，评估中标价格的合理性，引入医疗机构和供应企业的双向选择机制，将药物经济学评价纳入 NCDP 规则，形成企业间的良性竞争；三是关注对中小企业的支持政策，通过增加采购量、缩短付款期限、提高预付款比例等方式，缓解企业的现金流短缺问题，实现 NCDP 政策实施的公平性和包容性。
