Maître Carole
Gynécologue et médecin du sport, Institut national du sport, expertise et performance (Insep).
Rev Prat. 2024 Jun;74(6):606-611.
YOUNG FEMALE ATHLETES AND HIGH LEVEL SPORT. The impact of intensive sport on the menstrual cycle varies according to the individual and the nutritional balance in relation to energy expenditure; impaired reproductive function with menstrual disturbances is an indicator of the syndrome of relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs). Raising the awareness of the female elite athlete, her sport environment, her family and the health professionals in charge of medical care enables better prevention and avoids harmful consequences on bone metabolism, reduced immunity and cardiovascular risk, among others, and the impact on endurance and resistance performance. The absence of a menstrual cycle, apart from hormonal contraception, is incompatible with the research of sport performance. Similarly, moderate to severe dysmenorrhea, heavy menstrual periods which are a source of iron-deficiency anemia, and premenstrual syndrome which interferes with training, should not be treated as a fatality or taboo subject, but should be managed by appropriate treatment and explained to the athlete to ensure care compliance.
年轻女性运动员与高水平运动。高强度运动对月经周期的影响因个体差异以及与能量消耗相关的营养平衡状况而异;伴有月经紊乱的生殖功能受损是运动性相对能量缺乏综合征(REDs)的一个指标。提高女性精英运动员、其运动环境、其家人以及负责医疗护理的健康专业人员的认识,有助于更好地预防,并避免对骨代谢、免疫力下降和心血管风险等产生有害后果,以及避免对耐力和抵抗力表现产生影响。除激素避孕外,月经周期的缺失与运动成绩的追求不相容。同样,中度至重度痛经、导致缺铁性贫血的月经过多以及干扰训练的经前综合征,不应被视为必然之事或禁忌话题,而应通过适当治疗进行处理,并向运动员解释清楚以确保其配合治疗。