Chest Diseases Department, University of Health Sciences, Yedikule Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2024 Jul;28(13):3958-3968. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202407_36528.
Viral infections are an important cause of exacerbation in bronchiectasis patients. We aimed to determine the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on adult bronchiectasis patients and whether there was a relationship between the clinical parameters and the COVID-19 infection.
In this retrospective observational study, 547 bronchiectasis patients were included. Demographic characteristics, vaccination status, Bronchiectasis Severity Index (BSI), FACED and Reiff scores, and clinical and laboratory parameters during COVID-19 infection were evaluated.
The median age was 56, and 49.2% of the patients were male. The COVID-19 infection rate was 27.6%. 431 (78.8%) patients had at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The patients were divided into two groups according to their COVID-19 infection status. Emergency admission was significantly higher in the COVID-19-infected group. There was no statistical difference with other clinical factors. The COVID-19-infected patients were divided into home treatment and hospital/intensive care unit (ICU) treatment groups. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding advanced age, male gender, presence of asthma, long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) and non-invasive mechanic ventilator (NIMV) usage, sputum culture positivity, BSI and FACED scores, and multiple laboratory parameters (ferritin, C-reactive protein, eosinophil). In logistic regression analysis, BSI was found as a risk factor [OR 1.252 (1.077-1.456), p=0.004] and eosinophilia as a protective factor [OR 0.986 (0.973-0.999), p=0.030] for hospital/ICU admission.
Frequent emergency visits might increase the risk of COVID-19 infection in bronchiectasis patients. BSI was found to be an independent risk factor, and blood eosinophilia could play a protective role in hospital/ICU admission for COVID-19 infection.
病毒感染是支气管扩张症患者加重的一个重要原因。我们旨在确定 COVID-19 大流行对成年支气管扩张症患者的影响，以及临床参数与 COVID-19 感染之间是否存在关系。
在这项回顾性观察研究中，纳入了 547 名支气管扩张症患者。评估了人口统计学特征、疫苗接种状况、支气管扩张严重指数（BSI）、FACED 和 Reiff 评分，以及 COVID-19 感染期间的临床和实验室参数。
中位年龄为 56 岁，49.2%的患者为男性。COVID-19 感染率为 27.6%。431（78.8%）名患者至少接种了一剂 COVID-19 疫苗。根据 COVID-19 感染情况，将患者分为两组。COVID-19 感染组的急诊入院率明显更高。与其他临床因素相比，无统计学差异。将 COVID-19 感染患者分为居家治疗组和住院/重症监护病房（ICU）治疗组。两组在年龄较大、男性、存在哮喘、长期氧疗（LTOT）和无创机械通气（NIMV）使用、痰培养阳性、BSI 和 FACED 评分以及多个实验室参数（铁蛋白、C 反应蛋白、嗜酸性粒细胞）方面存在统计学差异。在逻辑回归分析中，BSI 被发现是住院/ICU 入院的危险因素[比值比（OR）1.252（1.077-1.456），p=0.004]，嗜酸性粒细胞增多是保护性因素[OR 0.986（0.973-0.999），p=0.030]。
频繁的急诊就诊可能会增加支气管扩张症患者 COVID-19 感染的风险。BSI 被发现是一个独立的危险因素，而血液嗜酸性粒细胞增多可能在 COVID-19 感染住院/ICU 入院中发挥保护作用。
