O'Connell Colleen S, Bottino Anna
Department of Wellness and Sport Sciences, Millersville University, Millersville, PA, United States.
Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Springfield College, Springfield, MA, United States.
Front Sports Act Living. 2024 Jul 1;6:1414404. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1414404. eCollection 2024.
As individuals with occupational status and power, sport leaders (e.g., coaches and athletic administrators) are responsible for enforcing cultures of inclusion within institutions of athletics. Yet, sport leaders who possess LGBTQ+ sexual identities are frequently marginalized and stigmatized by entities within and outside of athletics (e.g., athletes, parents of athletes, colleagues). Therefore, LGBTQ+ sport leaders are often faced with a challenging set of circumstances: negotiate the authenticity of their sexual orientation in the context of sport, or leave the profession entirely.
The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of research related to LGBTQ+ sport leader experiences. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), research across six countries (China/Taiwan/Hong Kong, Italy, New Zealand, Norway, United Kingdom, United States) between 1997 and 2021 was analyzed.
Themes across included studies (= 34) describe intrapersonal experiences of LGBTQ+ sport leaders, interpersonal studies examining stakeholder attitudes (i.e., parents and athletes) toward LGBTQ+ sport leaders, and sport manager attitudes toward LGBTQ+ topics.
Findings convey that sport leaders continue to face marginalization due to the presence of heterosexism and heteronormativity in athletics. Future research should continue to explore LGBTQ+ sport leader experiences, behaviors, attitudes, and identities to determine their impact on fostering inclusion and belonging within athletic spaces.
作为具有职业地位和权力的个体，体育领导者（如教练和体育管理人员）有责任在体育机构中推行包容文化。然而，具有 LGBTQ+ 性取向的体育领导者经常受到体育界内外实体（如运动员、运动员家长、同事）的边缘化和污名化。因此，LGBTQ+ 体育领导者常常面临一系列具有挑战性的情况：在体育背景下协商其性取向的真实性，或者完全离开这个职业。
本研究的目的是对与 LGBTQ+ 体育领导者经历相关的研究进行系统综述。使用系统评价和 Meta 分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA），对 1997 年至 2021 年期间六个国家（中国/台湾/香港、意大利、新西兰、挪威、英国、美国）的研究进行了分析。
纳入研究（= 34 项）的主题描述了 LGBTQ+ 体育领导者的个人经历、考察利益相关者（即家长和运动员）对 LGBTQ+ 体育领导者态度的人际研究，以及体育管理者对 LGBTQ+ 话题的态度。
研究结果表明，由于体育界存在异性恋主义和异性规范，体育领导者继续面临边缘化。未来的研究应继续探索 LGBTQ+ 体育领导者的经历、行为、态度和身份，以确定它们对在体育空间中促进包容和归属感的影响。
