Instituto Tecnológico Vale, Rua Boaventura da Silva, 955, Nazaré, 66055-090 Belém, PA, Brazil.
An Acad Bras Cienc. 2024 Jul 15;96(3):e20230236. doi: 10.1590/0001-3765202420230236. eCollection 2024.
To connect the protection of natural resources to economic development, environmental rehabilitation is a promising way to repair and compensate for impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Here, we aimed to compare and select potential indicators for the success of different rehabilitating ecosystems to quantify gains in biodiversity and ecosystem services within the Impact Mitigation Hierarchy. We sampled nine environmental variables along rehabilitation chronosequences from rehabilitating (i) iron mining waste piles, (ii) sand quarries, and (iii) compensation areas in the Carajás National Forest. From that, we computed the rehabilitation status, i.e., the proportion of environmental enhancements compared to the overall rehabilitation trajectory, and statistically validated the indicators that best described the status. With a mean rehabilitation status for the oldest rehabilitation stages from waste piles, sand quarries, and compensation areas of 52, 71, and 74%, respectively, we confirmed that rehabilitation activities were able to generate considerable gains in biodiversity. In all the cases, the Shannon diversity, phylogenetic diversity and Leaf Area Index performed better than did the other indices, encouraging the increased use of these indices for upscale monitoring activities. Consistent indicators across distinct projects highlight the importance of maximizing tree diversity and canopy closure in rehabilitation projects to increase biodiversity gains within Impact Mitigation Hierarchy.
为了将自然资源保护与经济发展联系起来，环境修复是一种很有前途的方法，可以修复和补偿生物多样性和生态系统服务受到的影响。在这里，我们旨在比较和选择不同修复生态系统成功的潜在指标，以便在影响缓解层次结构内量化生物多样性和生态系统服务的收益。我们沿着修复时间序列从修复的（i）铁矿废石堆、（ii）砂矿和（iii）卡拉雅斯国家森林的补偿区中采样了九个环境变量。由此，我们计算了修复状态，即与整体修复轨迹相比环境改善的比例，并对描述状态的最佳指标进行了统计验证。对于来自废石堆、砂矿和补偿区的最古老修复阶段，修复状态的平均值分别为 52%、71%和 74%，这证实了修复活动能够产生相当大的生物多样性收益。在所有情况下，香农多样性、系统发育多样性和叶面积指数的表现都优于其他指标，这鼓励增加使用这些指标进行大规模监测活动。不同项目之间一致的指标突出了在修复项目中最大限度地提高树木多样性和树冠覆盖率以增加影响缓解层次结构内生物多样性收益的重要性。
