Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502285, India.
Department of Climate Change, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, 502285, India.
Environ Monit Assess. 2024 Jul 17;196(8):745. doi: 10.1007/s10661-024-12895-6.
This study investigates real-world carbon dioxides (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NO) emissions from diesel (Bharat Stage-IV (BS-IV)) and petrol/gasoline (BS-IV and BS-VI) cars in Indian driving conditions using a portable emission measurement system (PEMS). The paired sample t-test revealed a significant difference ( < 0.05) in NO and CO emissions among the three types of cars, except for CO emissions ( > 0.05) between BS-IV petrol and BS-VI petrol cars. The highest NO emission rates were observed in all car types during acceleration (> 1 m/s) and deceleration (- 2 m/s). CO emission rates were also high during acceleration (> 1 m/s) for all car types. At low speeds (around 20 kmph), all car types had low emissions of CO and NO, with acceleration and deceleration rates ranging from - 0.5 to 0.5 m/s. BS-IV diesel cars emit significantly higher NO emissions compared to petrol cars, especially at vehicle-specific power (VSP) bin 0 (deceleration to idling mode) and during VSP bin 7 (acceleration mode). BS-IV diesel cars emit 228% and 530% higher NO emissions than BS-IV and BS-VI petrol cars at VSP bins 0 and 7, respectively. CO emissions from BS-VI petrol cars were 10% lower than those from BS-IV petrol cars across all VSP bins, indicating moderate reductions. Furthermore, diesel cars emit 140% less CO emissions than petrol cars across various VSP bins. The findings highlight the need for cleaner technologies and responsible driving practices to address vehicular emission concerns.
本研究使用便携式排放测量系统（PEMS）在印度驾驶条件下调查了柴油（Bharat 阶段-IV（BS-IV））和汽油/汽油（BS-IV 和 BS-VI）汽车的实际二氧化碳（CO）和氮氧化物（NO）排放。配对样本 t 检验显示，除了 BS-IV 汽油和 BS-VI 汽油车之间的 CO 排放（>0.05）外，三种类型的汽车之间的 NO 和 CO 排放存在显著差异（<0.05）。在加速（>1 m/s）和减速（-2 m/s）过程中，所有汽车类型的 NO 排放率最高。所有汽车类型的 CO 排放率在加速时也很高（>1 m/s）。在低速（约 20 公里/小时）时，所有汽车类型的 CO 和 NO 排放量都较低，加速和减速率在-0.5 至 0.5 m/s 之间。BS-IV 柴油车的 NO 排放明显高于汽油车，尤其是在车辆特定功率（VSP）箱 0（减速至怠速模式）和 VSP 箱 7（加速模式）时。在 VSP 箱 0 和 7 时，BS-IV 柴油车的 NO 排放分别比 BS-IV 和 BS-VI 汽油车高出 228%和 530%。在所有 VSP 箱中，BS-VI 汽油车的 CO 排放比 BS-IV 汽油车低 10%，表明适度减少。此外，在各种 VSP 箱中，柴油车的 CO 排放量比汽油车少 140%。研究结果强调需要采用更清洁的技术和负责任的驾驶实践来解决车辆排放问题。
