College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Jul;31(35):48027-48038. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-34343-1. Epub 2024 Jul 17.
Four species of shellfish, blue mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai), zhikong scallops (Chlamys farreri), and Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), were exposed to decoupled carbonate system variables to investigate the impacts of different seawater carbonate parameters on the CO excretion process of mariculture shellfish. Six experimental groups with two levels of seawater pH (pH 8.1 and pH 7.7) and three levels of total alkalinity (TA = 1000, 2300, and 3600 μmol/kg, respectively) were established, while pH 8.1 and TA = 2300 μmol/kg was taken as control. Results showed that the CO excretion rates of these tested shellfish were significantly affected by the change in carbonate chemistry (P < 0.05). At the same TA level, animals incubated in the acidified group (pH 7.7) had a lower CO excretion rate than those in the control group (pH 8.1). In comparison, at the same pH level, the CO excretion rate increased when seawater TA level was elevated. No significant correlation between the CO excretion rate and seawater pCO levels (P > 0.05) was found; however, a significant correlation (P < 0.05) between CO excretion rate and TA-DIC (the difference between total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon) was observed. Blue mussel has a significantly higher CO excretion rate than the other three species in the CO excretions per unit mass of soft parts, with no significant difference observed among these three species. However, in terms of CO excretion rate per unit mass of gills, abalone has the highest CO excretion rate, while significant differences were found between each species. Our studies indicate that the CO buffering capacity impacts the CO excretion rate of four shellfish species largely independent of pCO. Since CO excretion is related to acid-base balancing, the results imply that the effects of other carbonate parameters, particularly the CO buffering capacity, should be studied to fully understand the mechanism of how acidification affects shellfish. Besides, the species difference in gill to soft parts proportion may contribute to the species difference in responding to ocean acidification.
四种贝类，贻贝（Mytilus galloprovincialis）、盘鲍（Haliotis discus hannai）、栉孔扇贝（Chlamys farreri）和太平洋牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas），被暴露于脱耦的碳酸盐系统变量下，以研究不同海水碳酸盐参数对海水养殖贝类 CO 排泄过程的影响。建立了六个实验组，每组两个海水 pH 值（pH 8.1 和 pH 7.7）和三个总碱度（TA=1000、2300 和 3600 μmol/kg，分别）水平，而 pH 8.1 和 TA=2300 μmol/kg 作为对照组。结果表明，碳酸盐化学变化显著影响这些贝类的 CO 排泄率（P<0.05）。在相同的 TA 水平下，酸化组（pH 7.7）中孵育的动物的 CO 排泄率低于对照组（pH 8.1）。相比之下，在相同的 pH 水平下，当海水 TA 水平升高时，CO 排泄率增加。未发现 CO 排泄率与海水 pCO 水平之间存在显著相关性（P>0.05）；然而，观察到 CO 排泄率与 TA-DIC（总碱度与溶解无机碳之间的差异）之间存在显著相关性（P<0.05）。贻贝在单位软体质量的 CO 排泄率方面明显高于其他三种贝类，而这三种贝类之间没有显著差异。然而，在单位鳃质量的 CO 排泄率方面，鲍鱼的 CO 排泄率最高，并且每种贝类之间都存在显著差异。我们的研究表明，CO 缓冲能力在很大程度上独立于 pCO 影响四种贝类的 CO 排泄率。由于 CO 排泄与酸碱平衡有关，因此结果表明，应研究其他碳酸盐参数的影响，特别是 CO 缓冲能力，以充分了解酸化如何影响贝类的机制。此外，鳃与软体部分比例的物种差异可能导致对海洋酸化的响应存在物种差异。
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