Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2024 Sep 1;282:116732. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116732. Epub 2024 Jul 16.
Process affected water and other industrial wastewaters are a major environmental concern. During oil sands mining, large amounts of oil sands process affected water (OSPW) are generated and stored in ponds until reclaimed and ready for surface water discharge. While much research has focused on organics in process waters, trace metals at high concentrations may also pose environmental risks. Phytoremediation is a cost effective and sustainable approach that employs plants to extract and reduce contaminants in water. The research was undertaken in mesocosm scale constructed wetlands with plants exposed to OSPW for 60 days. The objective was to screen seven native emergent wetland species for their ability to tolerate high metal concentrations (arsenic, cadmium, copper, chromium, copper, nickel, selenium, zinc), and then to evaluate the best performing species for OSPW phytoremediation. All native plant species, except Glyceria grandis, tolerated and grew in OSPW. Carex aquatilis (water sedge), Juncus balticus (baltic rush), and Typha latifolia (cattail) had highest survival and growth, and had high metal removal efficiencies for arsenic (81-87 %), chromium (78-86 %), and cadmium (74-84 %), relative to other metals; and greater than 91 % of the dissolved portions were removed. The native plant species were efficient accumulators of all metals, as demonstrated by high root and shoot bioaccumulation factors; root accumulation was greater than shoot accumulation. Translocation factor values were greater than one for Juncus balticus (chromium, zinc) and Carex aquatilis (cadmium, chromium, cobalt, nickel). The results demonstrate the potential suitability of these species for phytoremediation of a number of metals of concern and could provide an effective and environmentally sound remediation approach for wastewaters.
受影响的工艺水和其他工业废水是主要的环境关注点。在油砂开采过程中，会产生大量的油砂处理受影响水（OSPW），并储存在池塘中，直到回收并准备好排放到地表水。虽然许多研究都集中在工艺水中的有机物上，但高浓度的痕量金属也可能构成环境风险。植物修复是一种具有成本效益和可持续性的方法，它利用植物来提取和减少水中的污染物。这项研究是在中观尺度构建的湿地中进行的，植物在受 OSPW 影响的条件下暴露 60 天。目的是筛选七种本地湿地挺水植物对高金属浓度（砷、镉、铜、铬、镍、硒、锌）的耐受能力，然后评估最适合 OSPW 植物修复的物种。除了大油芒（Glyceria grandis）外，所有本地植物物种都能耐受并在 OSPW 中生长。水莎草（Carex aquatilis）、欧洲黑麦草（Juncus balticus）和香蒲（Typha latifolia）的存活率和生长率最高，对砷（81-87%）、铬（78-86%）和镉（74-84%）的去除效率最高，相对于其他金属；并且溶解部分的 91%以上被去除。本地植物物种对所有金属的积累效率都很高，这表现在高的根和茎的生物积累因子上；根积累大于茎积累。转运因子值大于 1 的有欧洲黑麦草（铬、锌）和水莎草（镉、铬、钴、镍）。结果表明，这些物种具有适用于多种关注金属的植物修复的潜力，并且可以为废水提供一种有效且环境友好的修复方法。
