Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.
National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
Nutrition. 2024 Oct;126:112493. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112493. Epub 2024 May 8.
Mexico exhibits one of the highest prevalence rates of overweight and obesity globally, accompanied by a surge in non-communicable diseases, which in turn leads to elevated mortality rates. Existing efforts to address rising obesity rates have shown limited effectiveness. Maternal weight, diet, and physical activity (PA) during pregnancy affect the mother's and offspring's health. Despite the importance of establishing and engaging in healthy behaviors during pregnancy, little is known about which factors impact these behaviors among pregnant women in Mexico. This study explored perspectives on factors impacting healthy dietary behaviors and PA in pregnancy from pregnant women and health care professionals in Mexico.
We conducted semistructured interviews with 11 pregnant women and 12 health care professionals working in prenatal care. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis in a stepwise inductive approach.
Classifying factors at the 1) individual level, 2) relational level, and 3) health care system level, three overall themes emerged. At the individual level, challenges with lack of time and competing priorities as well as knowledge of healthy dietary behaviors and PA were identified. At the relational level, influencing factors encompassed financial, social, and emotional support along with descriptive norms. At the health care system level, guidelines for PA during pregnancy and the quality of care were noted.
This study identified factors impacting healthy dietary behaviors and PA in pregnancy in Mexico. Important considerations for future interventions include addressing sociocultural norms around healthy dietary behaviors and PA in pregnancy and involving pregnant women's families, closest social networks, and health care professionals working at the prenatal care unit.
墨西哥的超重和肥胖率居全球前列，同时非传染性疾病也在迅速增加，这导致死亡率上升。现有的应对肥胖率上升的措施效果有限。母亲在怀孕期间的体重、饮食和身体活动（PA）会影响母亲和后代的健康。尽管在怀孕期间建立和参与健康行为非常重要，但对于影响墨西哥孕妇这些行为的因素知之甚少。本研究探讨了墨西哥孕妇和医疗保健专业人员对影响孕期健康饮食行为和 PA 的因素的看法。
我们对 11 名孕妇和 12 名从事产前保健的医疗保健专业人员进行了半结构式访谈。采用逐步归纳法的定性内容分析法对数据进行分析。
将因素分为 1）个体层面、2）关系层面和 3）医疗保健系统层面，得出了三个总体主题。在个体层面上，发现了缺乏时间和竞争优先级以及对健康饮食行为和 PA 的了解方面的挑战。在关系层面上，影响因素包括经济、社会和情感支持以及描述性规范。在医疗保健系统层面上，注意到了孕期 PA 的指南和护理质量。
本研究确定了影响墨西哥孕妇健康饮食行为和 PA 的因素。未来干预措施的重要考虑因素包括解决孕期健康饮食行为和 PA 方面的社会文化规范，并让孕妇的家人、最亲近的社交网络和在产前保健单位工作的医疗保健专业人员参与其中。
