Interdependent water and power infrastructure model (IWPIM): A modeling approach for water and energy resource management in rural communities.

The importance of the dependencies between water and power systems is more acutely perceived when challenges emerge. As both energy and water supply are limited, efficient use is a must for any sustainable future, especially in rural areas. Although important, a modeling tool that can analyze water-energy systems interdependencies in rural systems, at the architectural level highlighting the physical interconnections and synergies of these systems, is still lacking. We present a multi-agent system model that captures the features of both systems, at the same levels of fidelity and resolution, with coordinated operations and contingency components represented. Unlike other models, ours captures architectural features of both systems and technical constraints of the systems' components, which is critical to capture physical intricacies of the interplay between systems components and shed light on the impacts of disruptions of either system on the other. This model, which includes multiple infrastructure components, shows the importance of a holistic understanding of the systems, for cooperation across systems physical boundaries and enhanced benefits at larger scales. This study looks to investigate water-power resource management in an irrigation system via the analysis of physical links and highlight strengths and vulnerabilities. The effects of water shortage, water re-allocation and load shedding are analyzed through scenarios designed to illustrate the utility of such a model. Results highlights the importance of inter-reservoir relationships for alleviating effects of disruption and unforeseen rise in energy demand. Water storage is also critical, helping to mitigate the impacts of water scarcity, and by extension, to keep the energy system unaffected. It can be a viable part of the solution to compensate for the negative impact of shortage for both resources.