Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, German University in Cairo, Egypt.
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, German University in Cairo, Egypt.
Anal Biochem. 2024 Nov;694:115624. doi: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115624. Epub 2024 Jul 17.
Nitro fatty acids (NO-FAs) are biologically active compounds produced from the reaction of unsaturated fatty acids with reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Due to their electrophilic nature, these endogenously produced metabolites can react with nucleophilic targets, producing a spectrum of modulatory and protective effects. Determination of NO-FAs in biological samples is challenging due to their low nanomolar to picomolar endogenous concentrations, indistinct metabolism, and distribution in many tissues and biofluids. Several attempts have been made to develop precise, standardized, and efficient methodologies for assessing physiological and pathophysiological processes to overcome the difficulties associated with their measurement. This review discusses those approaches utilizing liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‒MS/MS) and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC‒MS/MS) for the quantification of NO-FAs, in addition to a summary of their laboratory synthesis and extraction from biological samples. Clinical associations with different pathological conditions, including hyperlipidaemia, cardiac ischemia and herpes simplex type 2 viral infection (HSV-2), are also discussed.
硝酰基脂肪酸（NO-FAs）是一种生物活性化合物，由不饱和脂肪酸与活性氮物种（RNS）反应生成。由于其亲电性质，这些内源性产生的代谢物可以与亲核靶标反应，产生一系列调节和保护作用。由于其低纳摩尔到皮摩尔的内源性浓度、不明显的代谢以及在许多组织和生物流体中的分布，因此在生物样本中测定 NO-FAs 具有挑战性。已经做出了一些尝试，以开发精确、标准化和有效的方法来评估生理和病理生理过程，以克服与它们的测量相关的困难。本综述讨论了利用液相色谱串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）和气相色谱串联质谱（GC-MS/MS）定量测定 NO-FAs 的这些方法，以及它们从生物样本中实验室合成和提取的总结。还讨论了与不同病理状况相关的临床关联，包括高脂血症、心肌缺血和单纯疱疹病毒 2 型感染（HSV-2）。
