Advanced Biomaterials & Tissues Engineering Center, College of Life Sciences and Technology, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
University of Veterinary and Animals Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Curr Microbiol. 2024 Jul 20;81(9):279. doi: 10.1007/s00284-024-03803-9.
Recent advancements in in vitro transcribed mRNA (IVT-mRNA) vaccine manufacturing have attracted considerable interest as advanced methods for combating viral infections. The respiratory mucosa is a primary target for pathogen attack, but traditional intramuscular vaccines are not effective in generating protective ion mucosal surfaces. Mucosal immunization can induce both systemic and mucosal immunity by effectively eliminating microorganisms before their growth and development. However, there are several biological and physical obstacles to the administration of genetic payloads, such as IVT-mRNA and DNA, to the pulmonary and nasal mucosa. Nucleic acid vaccine nanocarriers should effectively protect and load genetic payloads to overcome barriers i.e., biological and physical, at the mucosal sites. This may aid in the transfection of specific antigens, epithelial cells, and incorporation of adjuvants. In this review, we address strategies for delivering genetic payloads, such as nucleic acid vaccines, that have been studied in the past and their potential applications.
近年来，体外转录 mRNA（IVT-mRNA）疫苗的制造技术取得了重大进展，作为对抗病毒感染的先进方法引起了广泛关注。呼吸道黏膜是病原体攻击的主要目标，但传统的肌肉内疫苗在产生保护性黏膜表面方面效果不佳。黏膜免疫通过在微生物生长和发育之前有效地将其消除，从而诱导全身性和黏膜免疫。然而，将遗传有效负载（如 IVT-mRNA 和 DNA）递送至肺和鼻黏膜存在一些生物学和物理障碍。核酸疫苗纳米载体应有效地保护和加载遗传有效负载，以克服黏膜部位的生物学和物理屏障。这可能有助于转染特定抗原、上皮细胞并掺入佐剂。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了过去研究过的递送遗传有效负载（如核酸疫苗）的策略及其潜在应用。
