Centre for Water Systems, Department of Engineering, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QF, United Kingdom.
Centre for Water Systems, Department of Engineering, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QF, United Kingdom.
Water Res. 2024 Sep 15;262:122098. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122098. Epub 2024 Jul 19.
While existing studies on sewer networks have explored topics such as surface water inflow, limited research has delved into groundwater infiltration (GWI). This study aims to fill this void by providing a comprehensive overview of quantitative analyses of GWI in sewer networks plus current status, limitations and future perspectives, considering the most relevant peer-reviewed research, including 83 studies. We propose dividing the existing research into two main groups: (1) phreatic zone, and (2) vadose zone. Most research has focused on the latter, mainly considering Rainfall-Derived Inflow and Infiltration (RDII), including surface water inflow and GWI. The ratio of each is not frequently separated; otherwise, there may be some assumptions, e.g. in dry weather and assuming zero surface water inflow. We also divided the employed approaches in different categories from physically-based numerical models, to simpler ones, e.g. water budget analysis. In fact, a combination of approaches may be applied to find the intricate characteristics of 'urban groundwater' or 'urban karst.' The findings revealed a heightened vulnerability of sewer networks to GWI, due to climate change (CC) and its associated repercussions, e.g. sea level rise (SLR), making the coastal cities the most vulnerable regions. In future research, the criticality of pre-emptive measures and monitoring of networks, especially near the coastline, is emphasised to ensure the resilience and adaptability of sewer networks in the context of GWI amid the potential impacts of CC. However, current monitoring practices lack widespread evidence for spatiotemporal analysis of GWI quantity.
虽然现有关于污水管网的研究已经探讨了地表水入流等问题，但对地下水入渗（GWI）的研究却很有限。本研究旨在通过提供对污水管网中地下水入渗的定量分析的综合概述，填补这一空白，同时考虑最相关的同行评议研究，包括 83 项研究，当前的状况、限制和未来的观点。我们建议将现有研究分为两个主要组：（1）饱水带和（2）非饱水带。大多数研究都集中在后一组，主要考虑降雨入流和入渗（RDII），包括地表水入流和地下水入渗。每种情况的比例并不经常分开；否则，可能会有一些假设，例如在干旱天气下和假设没有地表水入流。我们还将采用的方法从基于物理的数值模型到更简单的方法，如水量平衡分析，分为不同的类别。事实上，可能会应用多种方法的组合来寻找“城市地下水”或“城市喀斯特”的复杂特征。研究结果表明，由于气候变化（CC）及其相关影响，例如海平面上升（SLR），污水管网对地下水入渗的脆弱性增加，使沿海城市成为最脆弱的地区。在未来的研究中，强调了在 CC 潜在影响下，在地下水入渗背景下，对管网特别是靠近海岸线的管网采取预防措施和监测的重要性，以确保管网的弹性和适应性。然而，目前的监测实践缺乏地下水入渗数量的时空分析的广泛证据。
