Wang Li, Zhang Jin-Yu, Yuan Yuan, Liu Tian-Rui
Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Kunming 650000, China.
State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2024 Jun;49(12):3178-3184. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20240215.101.
The seedling survival rate, yield, and individual weight of Gastrodia elata is closely related to the soil relative water content(RWC) and the growth characteristics of the associated fungi Armillaria spp. This study explored the effects of the soil RWC on the growth characteristics of Armillaria spp. and the seedling production of G. elata f. glauca, aiming to provide guidance for breeding G. elata f. glauca and selecting elite strains of Armillaria. According to the growth characteristics on the medium for activation, thirty strains of Armillaria were classified into 4 clusters. Two strains with good growth indicators were selected from each cluster and cultiva-ted with immature tuber(Mima) and the branches of the broad-leaved trees in a water-controlled box. The results showed that the Armillaria clusters with uniaxial branches of rhizoid cords, such as clusters Ⅲ and Ⅳ, were excellent clusters in symbiosis with G. elata f. glauca. The soil RWC had significant effects on the growth characteristics of Armillaria strains and the seedling survival rate, yield, and individual weight of G. elata f. glauca. The growth characteristics of Armillaria strains and the seedling survival rate, yield, and individual weight of G. elata f. glauca in the case of the soil RWC being 75% were significantly better than those in the case of other soil RWC. Cultivating Mima with elite strains of Armillaria, together with branches of broad-leaved trees, in the greenhouses with the artificial control of the soil RWC, can achieve efficient seedling production and Mima utilization of G. elata f. glauca.
天麻的幼苗成活率、产量和个体重量与土壤相对含水量（RWC）以及伴生真菌蜜环菌属的生长特性密切相关。本研究探讨了土壤RWC对蜜环菌属生长特性及乌天麻幼苗生产的影响，旨在为乌天麻育种和蜜环菌优良菌株筛选提供指导。根据在活化培养基上的生长特性，将30株蜜环菌菌株分为4个类群。从每个类群中选出2株生长指标良好的菌株，与白头麻和阔叶树树枝在控水箱中培养。结果表明，具有单轴根状菌索分支的蜜环菌类群，如Ⅲ类群和Ⅳ类群，是与乌天麻共生的优良类群。土壤RWC对蜜环菌菌株的生长特性以及乌天麻的幼苗成活率、产量和个体重量有显著影响。土壤RWC为75%时蜜环菌菌株的生长特性以及乌天麻的幼苗成活率、产量和个体重量显著优于其他土壤RWC条件下的情况。在人工控制土壤RWC的温室中，将白头麻与蜜环菌优良菌株以及阔叶树树枝一起培养，可实现乌天麻的高效育苗和白头麻利用。
