Electrochemical Hydrogen Peroxide Generation and Activation Using a Dual-Cathode Flow-Through Treatment System: Enhanced Selectivity for Contaminant Removal by Electrostatic Repulsion.

To oxidize trace concentrations of organic contaminants under conditions relevant to surface- and groundwater, air-diffusion cathodes were coupled to stainless-steel cathodes that convert atmospheric O into hydrogen peroxide (HO), which then was activated to produce hydroxyl radicals (OH). By separating HO generation from its activation and employing a flow-through electrode consisting of stainless-steel fibers, the two processes could be operated efficiently in a manner that overcame mass-transfer limitations for O, HO, and trace organic contaminants. The flexibility resulting from separate control of the two processes made it possible to avoid both the accumulation of excess HO and the energy losses that take place after HO has been depleted. The decrease in treatment efficacy occurring in the presence of natural organic matter was substantially lower than that typically observed in homogeneous advanced oxidation processes. Experiments conducted with ionized and neutral compounds indicated that electrostatic repulsion prevented negatively charged OH scavengers from interfering with the oxidation of neutral contaminants. Energy consumption by the dual-cathode system was lower than values reported for other technologies intended for small-scale drinking water treatment systems. The coordinated operation of these two cathodes has the potential to provide a practical, inexpensive way for point-of-use drinking water treatment.